Conundrums in childhood asthma severity, control, and health care use: Puerto Rico versus Rhode Island  Cynthia A. Esteban, MSN, MPH, Robert B. Klein,

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Conundrums in childhood asthma severity, control, and health care use: Puerto Rico versus Rhode Island  Cynthia A. Esteban, MSN, MPH, Robert B. Klein, MD, Elizabeth L. McQuaid, PhD, Gregory K. Fritz, MD, Ronald Seifer, PhD, Sheryl J. Kopel, MSc, Jose Rodriguez Santana, MD, Angel Colon, MD, Maria Alvarez, MD, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, PhD, Alexander N. Ortega, PhD, Brenda Martinez-Nieves, PhD, Glorisa Canino, PhD  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 124, Issue 2, Pages 238-244.e5 (August 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.014 Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Asthma severity distribution by study group. Puerto Ricans (PR) had significantly milder asthma compared with RI Puerto Ricans (RI-PR; P < .001), RI Dominicans (RI-DR; P < .001), and RI whites (P < .001). There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in RI. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 238-244.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.014) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 ED visits and hospitalizations in the past 12 months by study group. Puerto Ricans (PR) had significantly more ED visits (P < .001) compared with the 3 groups in RI. Island Puerto Ricans had more hospitalizations compared with RI whites and RI Dominicans (RI-DR; P < .001). RI Puerto Ricans (RI-PR) were not significantly different from island Puerto Ricans in hospitalizations. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, 238-244.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.014) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions