The significant contribution of the partitioning effect in lipid resuscitation for bupivacaine- induced cardiotoxicity: evaluation using centrifuged solution in vivo and in isolated hearts  K. Hori, T. Matsuura, S. Tsujikawa, T. Mori, M. Kuno, K. Nishikawa  British Journal of Anaesthesia  Volume 115, Issue 6, Pages 935-937 (December 2015) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev386 Copyright © 2015 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Haemodynamic effects of bupivacaine-containing lipid solution and its CAE in vivo and in isolated hearts. a and b, In in vivo models, we randomly administered 3 mg kg−1 bupivacaine in normal saline (NS), CAE of bupivacaine-containing 20% lipid emulsion (CAE of 20% lipid) or 3 mg kg−1 bupivacaine in 20% lipid emulsion (20% lipid) at an infusion volume of 7 ml kg−1 through the left internal jugular vein for 1 min. Data are the maximal decreases during the first 15 min of administration. c and d, In isolated heart models, we sequentially perfused 30 µM bupivacaine in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB), CAE of bupivacaine-containing 2% lipid solution (CAE of 2% lipid), and 30 µM bupivacaine in 2% lipid solution (2% lipid) for 15 min each, at a constant perfusion pressure of 70 mm Hg. Data are expressed as means (sd) (n=6 for each in vivo, and n=5 in isolated hearts). **P<0.01, *** P<0.0001, †P<0.05, ††P<0.01, †††P<0.0001 vs NS or KHB, N.S., not significant. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2015 115, 935-937DOI: (10.1093/bja/aev386) Copyright © 2015 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions