Smart Buildings Working Group Participants T. Frank Wong, ATT Lionel Ni, HK Univ of Science and Tech., Coordinator Krishna Kant, NSF, GMU, Intel Prashant Mohapatra, UC Davis Li Erran Li, Bell Labs Mohan Kumar, UT Arlington Hui Xiong, Rutgers K. R. Krishnan, Telcordia Rajesh Gupta, UC San Diego, Coordinator 5/1/2019 US-CHINA SUSTAINABILITY, DIMACS, Rutgers

Charge What are the problems? Why US-China? Methodology Directed discussion on dimensions of the problems (100%) Directed discussion on potential solutions ingredients (50%) Not covered: What will success look like? 5/1/2019 US-CHINA SUSTAINABILITY, DIMACS, Rutgers

Discussion Highlights Understanding the problem, terminology What, Who, Where Technical challenges (CS/Engineering-centric) Cross-cutting understanding of China-specificity 5/1/2019 US-CHINA SUSTAINABILITY, DIMACS, Rutgers

Understanding The Problem: What What is “Smart Building”? Smart Building is beyond Green Building Smart = Smartness relates to extent of awareness & autonomy Sensing must be against a set of performative measures Smart = sensing, reasoning, actuation, emergency response Smart += understanding and capture of state (of building, usage, users, environment) Smartness metrics How well it can adapt? Is it autonomous? How controllable it is? Observability? 5/1/2019 US-CHINA SUSTAINABILITY, DIMACS, Rutgers

The Problem: Who & Where What is the role of user behavior? Group behavior? What is the level of user model needed? As thermodynamic entities? As cognitive agents? Adversarial or competitive actions by the users? Spatio-temporal behaviors. Security and privacy constraints and actions. Differentiate autonomous activities from those that need user participation Devise appropriate feedback and incentives? What is the extent of responsiveness to the environment? Considered well by “green-ness” of the building Where provides most responsiveness to US-China partnership: greater planning and scope of optimizations in China (a la green cities) 5/1/2019 US-CHINA SUSTAINABILITY, DIMACS, Rutgers

Solving The Problem Devise taxonomy and terminology Taxonomy based on: structural aspects, functional aspects, level of autonomy A geography defines a different mix of building types Commercial versus Residential; Residential: single versus multifamily units Commercial: Gen. Office versus Functional (Hospital, Manufacturing) What are the metrics for evaluation? Identify promising models and benchmarks. What are the optimization objectives? Is a single multi-dimensional metric possible? W/sq ft, lifetime operational cost, emitted carbon/occupant, sq ft, Water usage, Air flow measures Air quality measures to capture the propensity to spread/contain disease Comfort measures; Occupancy measures? Instrumentation needed and maintained Fragility: availability, operability in response to adverse conditions. 5/1/2019 US-CHINA SUSTAINABILITY, DIMACS, Rutgers

Questions Left To Be Pondered In what way a building influences or mediates use of energy/water resources? What is the effect of building materials on sustainability? What are the dimensions of sustainability vis-à-vis disaster response? How do we evaluate operations/capabilities for disaster response? What is the role of geographical diversity in buildings research? What is the effect of built environments? What is the role of planning policy and societal expectations? How US-China collaboration helps in solving some of these problems? How differences in culture and policy affect optimization chosen? Building in a cloud: role of cloud computing in buildings. How do buildings affect their surroundings and the environment? 5/1/2019 US-CHINA SUSTAINABILITY, DIMACS, Rutgers