Chapter 21 Section 4

Wilson’s Fourteen Points Before the war was even over, President Wilson had a peace plan put together and it was called the Fourteen Points 1. No more treaty systems like the ones set up before the war. Freedom of the seas Lower tariffs to foster free trade Arms reduction/ reduction of militaries Rules for imperialism in which countries take into account the feelings of the peoples being controlled – their interests

Boundary changes and self-determination of ethnic/ national groups Wilson’s points 6 - 13 Boundary changes and self-determination of ethnic/ national groups

(an international organization to guarantee world peace) Wilson’s 14th point The League of Nations (an international organization to guarantee world peace)

Peace Conference in Paris Wilson tried really hard to create a peace treaty that was fair, but the Allies were determined to punish Germany Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Britain and Vittorio Orlando of Italy all disagreed with Wilson The Big Four in Paris

Treaty of Versailles Demilitarization Return of Alsonce-Lorraine to France $33 billion in reparations War guilt clause

Weaknesses which helped in lead to WWII 2. Ignored the sacrifices and desires of Russia 1. Humiliated Germany; set Germans against the treaty and very angry; set reparations that Germany couldn’t possibly pay; stripped them of the colonies they needed to pay reparations 3. Ignored the claims of colonized peoples for self-determination Example - Indochina

Other Treaties Other treaties in Europe applied the principle of self-determination Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia all created their own separate countries out of the former Austria-Hungary empire Serbs joined other Balkan groups and formed the new nation of Yugoslavia Poland declared independence

Why was Henry Cabot Lodge against the treaty? Suspicious of provision for a joint action against aggression; wanted the treaty to declare the constitutional right of Congress to declare war

How did Wilson help to bring about the Senate’s rejection of the treaty? 1. Chose an American delegation that failed to include enough Republicans and Senators 2. Refused to compromise with Lodge and others who opposed it

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 died 500,000,000 affected!

Labor Unrest and the Red Scare The War Production Board had made sure that there was no work stoppage during the war, but now unions were ready for higher wages Soldiers returning wanted jobs back Factories needed to switch from war goods to consumer goods At the same time many were watching Russia and their revolution The “RED SCARE” resulted because people thought that Communism might be taking over in America with all of the labor strikes

Why did Germans turn to Adolf Hitler for leadership? Misunderstandings about the reasons for Germany’s loss of the war The harshness of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles Desperate economic conditions