Adipogenesis and Obesity: Rounding Out the Big Picture Bruce M Spiegelman, Jeffrey S Flier  Cell  Volume 87, Issue 3, Pages 377-389 (November 1996) DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81359-8

Figure 1 Cascade of Transcription Factors Involved in Adipocyte Differentiation Hormonal signals initiate a transient increase in expression of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ. These factors stimulate the expression of PPARγ. ADD1/SREBP1, in addition to regulating genes important in fatty acid metabolism, increases the activity of PPARγ, possibly through the generation of ligand. Activation of PPARγ by ligand allows the differentiation process to proceed. Subsequently, C/EBPα expression is induced. C/EBPα may allow for the continued expression of PPARγ once the levels of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ have decreased. It is likely that both C/EBPα and PPARγ are important for maintaining the fully differentiated state. Cell 1996 87, 377-389DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81359-8)

Figure 2 A Homeostatic Cycle for the Control of Energy Balance The white adipocyte produces leptin as a function of adipose energy stores. Leptin acts through receptors in the hypothalamus to regulate appetite, BAT activity and insulin secretion via sympathetic nervous system (SNS) output, and neuroendocrine function, including reproduction. Ingested nutrients stimulate insulin secretion, and together these may act through several transcription factors to promote adipose differentiation and lipogenesis. Adipocytes secrete proteins in addition to leptin which may have the capacity to act locally and/or systemically to influence energy balance. Cell 1996 87, 377-389DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81359-8)