Tissue Engineering of Viable Pulmonary Arteries for Surgical Correction of Congenital Heart Defects Rainer G. Leyh, MD, PhD, Mathias Wilhelmi, MD, Philip.

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Tissue Engineering of Viable Pulmonary Arteries for Surgical Correction of Congenital Heart Defects Rainer G. Leyh, MD, PhD, Mathias Wilhelmi, MD, Philip Rebe, MD, Sergey Ciboutari, MD, Axel Haverich, MD, PhD, Heike Mertsching, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 81, Issue 4, Pages 1466-1471 (April 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.083 Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Allogeneic pulmonary conduits after 6 months in-situ. (A) In-vitro reendothelialized conduits; the explanted conduits showed a diameter and normal appearance of the pulmonary arterial wall. (B) Acellularized implanted conduits; gross dilatation of the pulmonary conduit with a thin aneurysmatic arterial wall. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2006 81, 1466-1471DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.083) Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Movat pentachrome stain of the extracellular matrix of allogeneic pulmonary conduits after explantation. (A) In-vitro reendothelialized implanted conduit after 6-month implantation period, with normal content of collagen (yellow), elastic fibers (red), and proteoglycanes (bright blue) resembling native ovine pulmonary artery tissue but with increased cellularity. (B) Pathologic composition of the extracellular matrix acellularized implanted conduits after 6 months with reduced collagen (yellow) and proteoglycane (bright blue) content and no stainable elastin fibers. Furthermore, a decreased interstitial cellularity is shown. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2006 81, 1466-1471DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.083) Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Hematoxylin-eosin and van Willebrandt factor staining of explanted allogeneic pulmonary conduits after 6 months. (A) In-vitro reendothelialized pulmonary conduit; normal endothelial cell monolayer. (B) Acellularized allogeneic conduits 6 months after implantation, showing normal endothelial cell monolayer. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2006 81, 1466-1471DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.083) Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions