If we reject the authenticity of the New Testament on textual grounds, we’d also have to reject every work of antiquity prior to 1000 A.D., since there is less evidence for their authenticity than for the New Testament. – Greg Koukl
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Name Contents P46 All the letters of Paul but three P87 Few verses of Philemon P77 Few verses of Matthew 23 P45 Portions of all 4 Gospels and Acts P32 Portions of Titus P90 Portion of John 18 P52 Few verses of John 18 P4 Portions of Matthew and Luke P64 P67
Name Contents P1 Matthew 1 P12 Hebrews 2-5 P27 Portions of Romans 8 P66 Most of John P48 Portion of Acts 23 P75 Most of Luke and John 0189 Portion of Acts 5
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Name Contents P5 John 1, 16, 20 P9 1 John 4 P12 Heb 1 P15 1 Cor 7 P16 Philipp 3, 4 P18 Rev 1 P20 James 2 P22 John 15-16 P23 James 1 P28 John 6 P29 Acts 26 P30 1Thess 4-5, 2Thess 1 P37 Matt 26 P38 Acts 13, 19 P39 John 8 Name Contents P40 Rom 1-4, 6, 9 P47 Rev 9-17 P49 Eph 4-5 P53 Matt 25, Acts 9 P65 1Thess 1-2 P69 Luke 22 P70 Matt 2, 3, 11, 12, 23 P72 1 Pet, 2Pet, Jude P80 John 3 P92 Eph 1-2, 2Thess 1 0162 John 2 0171 Matt 10, Luke 22 0220 Rom 4-5 0212 Portions of each Gospel
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Text Types • Byzantine • Western • Caesarean • Alexandrian
AUTOGRAPHS MANUSCRIPT COPIES CRITICAL EDITION MODERN TRANSLATIONS
UNINTENTIONAL ERRORS 1. Errors of the eye HEISNOWHERE
UNINTENTIONAL ERRORS 1. Errors of the eye 2. Errors of the ear 3 UNINTENTIONAL ERRORS 1. Errors of the eye 2. Errors of the ear 3. Errors of memory 4. Errors of judgment 5. Errors of writing
INTENTIONAL CHANGES 1. Language conformity 2. Liturgical conformity 3 INTENTIONAL CHANGES 1. Language conformity 2. Liturgical conformity 3. Harmonization 4. Correcting assumed mistakes 4. Doctrinal clarity / conformity
1 JOHN 5:7-8 Later Manuscripts For there are 3 that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit: and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness in earth, the Spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one. Earlier Manuscripts For there are three that testify: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and the three are in agreement.
INTENTIONAL CHANGES 1. Language conformity 2. Liturgical conformity 3 INTENTIONAL CHANGES 1. Language conformity 2. Liturgical conformity 3. Harmonization 4. Correcting assumed mistakes 5. Doctrinal clarity / conformity
HOW TO DECIDE WHEN MANUSCRIPTS DIFFER. 1. External Evidence 2 HOW TO DECIDE WHEN MANUSCRIPTS DIFFER? 1. External Evidence 2. Internal Evidence
WHICH READING IS PREFERRED. 1. The older reading. 2 WHICH READING IS PREFERRED? 1. The older reading. 2. The more difficult reading. 3. The shorter reading. 4. The reading with the widest geographical support. 5. The reading that most conforms to the style of the author. 6. The reading that doesn’t reflect a doctrinal bias.
EDNA’S RECIPE HAND-WRITTEN COPIES RECIPE RECONSTRUCTED
AUTOGRAPHS MANUSCRIPT COPIES UBS NESTLE / ALAND MODERN TRANSLATIONS