Least squares (LS) mean change from baseline (95% CI) in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) according to exacerbation history (intent-to-treat population). Least squares (LS) mean change from baseline (95% CI) in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) according to exacerbation history (intent-to-treat population). FF/UMEC/VI: fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (100/62.5/25 µg); BUD/FOR: budesonide/formoterol (400/12 µg). a) 0/1 moderate exacerbations, b) ≥2 moderate exacerbations and c) ≥1 severe exacerbations. David M.G. Halpin et al. ERJ Open Res 2018;4:00119-2017 ©2018 by European Respiratory Society