CELLS Structure & Function Review

The ___________ is thebasic unit of life. cell ____________ was the first person to see “cells” under the microscope. Robert Hooke

What is the function of the cell membrane? Controls what enters or leaves cell; When DNA is spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells it is called ____________. chromatin

What is the function of mitochondria? In 1855 German physician __________________________ saw dividing cells and reasoned that cells come from existing cells. Rudolf Virchow What is the function of mitochondria? Burn glucose and store energy as ATP

Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes This storage space is a ___________. vacuole

Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function Tell two of the parts of the cell theory. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle

In 1838 a botanist named ___________________________ concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells. Matthias Schleiden What does the nucleolus make? ribosomes

Tell which part does it? Centrioles Lysosomes Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________ Pulls chromosomes during cell division __________________ Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________ Makes proteins ______________________ Contains chromatin ___________________ Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes Ribosomes Nucleus

An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle is the ____________ Rough ER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html

Name an organelle that assists in movement. Dutch microscope maker who 1st saw living cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Name an organelle that assists in movement. Cilia or flagella

Molecule that provides the energy for active transport This storage space is larger in plants than animals. vacuole Molecule that provides the energy for active transport ATP

Organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________________ prokaryotes Organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus

Phospholipids & proteins Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules. Phospholipids & proteins Name another kind of molecule that could also be found in an animal cell membrane Steroids(lipids) OR glycoproteins

nucleolus Dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made. Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said to be ___________________ permeable. Selectively OR semi-

Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism Apoptosis Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell. ribosomes

In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin? dividing non-dividing Non-dividing Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside _____________________ Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts chloroplasts

Cell organelles that burn glucose and store energy as ATP. mitochondria This structure is a __________ flagellum

Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles Name an organelle that is made of microtubules Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles An membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions in cell identification is called a ____________________ glycoprotein

Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- several, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer

Tell which part does it? chromatin Rough ER Makes lipids for membranes ____________________ Makes ATP ___________________ Spread out DNA __________________ Modifies & transports proteins made on its ribosomes ________________________ Regulates calcium levels in muscle cells ________________ Supports and protects plant cells ___________________ smooth ER Mitochondria chromatin Rough ER Smooth ER Cell wall

Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called _________ ER. rough Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome

This organelle makes ATP. mitochondrion Because the phospholipids in a cell membrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________. bilayer

Called the “power plant” of the cell because it makes energy Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells. Plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells don’t. Plants have larger vacuoles. Plants have chloroplasts and animal cells don’t Called the “power plant” of the cell because it makes energy mitochondrion

This organelle contains the molecules for photosynthesis. Tell one way bacteria are different from animal cells. Bacteria don’t have a nuclear membrane and animal cells do. Bacteria have a cell wall and animal cells don’t. This organelle contains the molecules for photosynthesis. chloroplast

smooth _________ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape. cytoskeleton

The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________. polar nonpolar polar

Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances What is the job of the ribosomes? Make proteins Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances for transport. Golgi body

Name a cell part that has this 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules Cilia OR flagella Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material. nucleus

Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________ The folded inner membrane in the mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the _______________. cristae Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________ Protein RNA

Tell which part does it? flagella cristae Contains genetic info __________________ Give cell shape/support ____________ Few, long structures for locomotion __________________ Provide more surface area inside mitochondria _________________ Place for photosynthesis __________________ Large storage space ___________________ nucleus cytoskeleton flagella cristae chloroplast vacuole

What is the function of the Rough ER? Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes This organelle is a _____________ Golgi Body http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm

A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike. Both are eukaryotes. Both have a nuclear & cell membrane. Have most of same organelles (except cell wall and chloroplast)

Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________ The many short structures on the top of this cell are __________ cilia Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________ eukaryotes

The cytoskeleton is made of ______________ & ______________ The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________ Smooth ER The cytoskeleton is made of ______________ & ______________ Microfilaments microtubules

The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside away from water because it is ______________. polar nonpolar Non polar

Theodor Schwann What do ribosomes make? In 1839 a Zoologist named _________________________ concluded that ALL ANIMALS are made of cells Theodor Schwann What do ribosomes make? proteins

A B C D E A = ________________ B = ________________ Cell membrane Rough ER nucleus Golgi Body Mitochondrion

Tell which part does it? Cilia or flagella Golgi bodies Mitochondria Makes ATP ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________ Help cell move __________________ Modify, sort, & package substances for transport _________________ Makes ribosomes ______________________ Control center of cell ___________________ nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella Golgi bodies nucleolus Nucleus

Put in order of increasing size: Organ cell organ system organism tissue _______ _________  _________ _____________  ______________ organ cell tissue Organ system organism

FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside True or False Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside Name one of the functions of Smooth ER Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels, Break down toxic substances

Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that has its OWN DNA Mitochondria OR chloroplasts A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called a _______________ tissue

Plant cells don’t have centrioles True or False Bacteria don’t have ribosomes. False; Yes, they do Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes True or False Plant cells don’t have centrioles True; at least we can’t see them

Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that is surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Mitochondria OR chloroplasts A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function are called an _______________ Organ system

You would expect to see cristae inside a ________________ Centrioles are only seen in __________________________ cells. Dividing animal You would expect to see cristae inside a ________________ mitochondrion

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________ Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called _____________________ Smooth ER

concentration of molecules across The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space is called a ______________________ Concentration gradient

This cell is in a _______________ solution. isotonic It will probably ________________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size Stay the same size

This cell is in a _______________ solution. hypertonic It will probably ________________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size Shrink

This cell is in a _______________ solution. hypotonic It will probably ________________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size swell and burst

When you sit in the bathtub, your fingers get wrinkly because of the water entering your skin cells. The bathtub water is a ____________ solution compared to your skin cells hypotonic Hypotonic isotonic hypertonic

endocytosis This type of transport is called _______________ http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html

ACTIVE ____________ transport can move molecules AGAINST the concentration gradient. Active Passive When you mix iodine with ____________ you will see a black/purple color change. starch

The shrinking of plant cells in a HYPERTONIC solution is called ______________ plasmolysis This cell is in a _______________ solution. hypotonic isotonic hypertonic HYPOTONIC

___________ transport does NOT require energy to move molecules. Passive ___________ transport does NOT require energy to move molecules. Kind of transport used by ions like Ca+ + , Cl - , Na+ , and K + to move across cell membranes Ion channels (Na+ and K + can also move by the Na+ - K + pump)

Cell wall is sturdy & holds shape The proteins in a cell membrane that help move molecules across the membrane are called __________ proteins. What keeps plant cells from undergoing bursting in hypotonic environments? _____________ carrier Cell wall is sturdy & holds shape

Name the 4 kinds of passive transport Name a kind of transport that uses carrier proteins to help molecules move across membranes Facilitated diffusion, ion channels, OR Na+-K+ pump Name the 4 kinds of passive transport Diffusion Osmosis facilitated diffusion ion channels

selectively permeable A membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and not others is called _______________ Semi permeable OR selectively permeable http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, Exocytosis, endocytosis Name a kind of transport that uses vesicles to move substances across a membrane Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, Exocytosis, endocytosis Name the kind of transport that moves WATER across cell membranes OSMOSIS

What will happen to this freshwater fish? There are fewer molecules in fresh water than in the bodies of animals that live in there. What will happen to this freshwater fish? Freshwater fish live in a HYPOtonic environment. Water will move INTO the fish and it must urinate frequently to maintain its water balance. (HOMEOSTASIS)

Diffusion continues until the concentration of molecules is equal throughout the space. This is called ___________________ equilibrium

Type of endocytosis in which cells take in small molecules or fluids http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm Which organelle makes the ATP used to run the Na + -K+ pump? mitochondria Type of endocytosis in which cells take in small molecules or fluids pinocytosis

From the lungs into the blood The white circles stand for oxygen molecules. Use what you know about diffusion of molecules to predict which way the oxygen will move. From the lungs into the blood

The energy for active transport comes from this molecule The type of transport that moves substances OUT of cells is called ______________ exocytosis The energy for active transport comes from this molecule ATP

isotonic It will probably __________________ This cell is in a __________________ solution. isotonic It will probably __________________ Undergo cytolysis Undergo plasmolysis stay the same size stay the same size

The pressure of water exerts in a cell during osmosis is called ________________ pressure. LABEL THE DIAGRAMS; OSMOTIC HYPERTONIC ISOTONIC HYPOTONIC

Putting plant cells into a HYPOTONIC solution will cause water to ____________________________________ enter cell leave cell This will cause a(n) ___________ in osmotic pressure. Enter cell increase

Putting plant cells into a HYPERTONIC solution will cause water to ____________________________________ enter cell leave cell This will cause a(n) ___________ in osmotic pressure. Leave cell decrease

Name the Cell GUY Matthias Schleiden German physician who saw dividing cells and concluded all cells come from existing cells _____________ German botanist who concluded all plants are made of cells ___________________ Dutch microscope maker who 1st saw living cells __________________ Rudolf Virchow Matthias Schleiden Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Name the Cell GUY Robert Hooke German zoologist who concluded all animals are made of cells _______________________ English scientist who 1st saw “little boxes” in cork and called them cells ___________________ Theodor Schwann Robert Hooke

Tell if the transport is ACTIVE or PASSIVE Facilitated diffusion ___________________ Osmosis ____________________ Na + - K+ pump ____________________ Diffusion ____________________ Endocytosis _______________________ Exocytosis ________________________ Ion channels ________________________ PASSIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE

Tell if the transport uses Vesicles Carrier proteins Needs NO HELP Facilitated diffusion ___________________ Osmosis ____________________ Na + - K+ pump ____________________ Diffusion ____________________ Endocytosis _______________________ Exocytosis ________________________ Ion channels ________________________ Carrier protein Needs no help Carrier protein Needs no help Vesicle vesicle Carrier protein

Ion channel Match the picture with the kind of transport http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/voltgate.htm Ion channel Membrane proteins make a passageway through the membrane for ions Name a substance that in transported in this way Cl- , Ca+ + , Na+ or K + ions

diffusion osmosis Match the picture with the kind of transport Molecules move across membrane without help from carrier proteins or vesicles If the molecule moving is oxygen or carbon dioxide this would be called ____________________ If the molecule moving is water this would be called __________________ diffusion osmosis

Na+ - K + pump Na+ or K + ions Match the picture with the kind of transport http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm Na+ - K + pump Energy from ATP is used to move Na + ions OUT OF and K + ions INTO the cell Name a substance that in transported in this way Na+ or K + ions

ENDOCYTOSIS Match the picture with the kind of transport Substance is transported INTO cell inside a vesicle If what is moving into the cell are small molecules or fluids this would be called __________________ PINOCYTOSIS

EXOCYTOSIS Golgi Bodies Match the picture with the kind of transport http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html EXOCYTOSIS Substance in put in a Vesicle and transported up to the cell membrane and released OUTSIDE INSIDE OUTSIDE CELL CELL Name an organelle that uses this kind of transport Golgi Bodies

Facilitated diffusion Match the picture with the kind of transport http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif Facilitated diffusion Carrier protein grabs molecule, changes shape, and flips it to the other side Name a molecule that moves into cells this way glucose

ENDOCYTOSIS Match the picture with the kind of transport http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html ENDOCYTOSIS Substance is transported INTO cell inside a vesicle If the green square above is a large molecule or a whole cell this would be called __________________ PHAGOCYTOSIS

Tell the kind of transport used by each Glucose ___________________ Oxygen & carbon dioxide _______________ Na + and K+ ions ____________________ Na +, K+ Cl -, & Ca ++ ions_______________ water _______________________ Large molecules & whole cells____________ Small molecules & fluid _______________ Used by Golgi to transport molecules OUT of cell ___________________________ Used by white blood cells to engulf and destroy bacteria _____________________ Facilitated diffusion Simple diffusion Na + – K+ pump Ion channels osmosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Exocytosis Phagocytosis