Object Web Architectures Portals P2P XML Euresco Conference at Castelvecchio Pascoli Italy June 16-21 2001 EuroConference on Problem-Solving Environments for Numerical Mathematics, Science and Engineering Applications Geoffrey Fox IPCRES Laboratory for Grid Technology Computer Science, Informatics, Physics Indiana University Bloomington IN fox@csit.fsu.edu 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Distributed Objects Examples of current object technologies Documents -- URL "General Programs including database invocations" Old Style Web -- CGI New Style Web -- XML CORBA and COM -- special "interface definition language" (IDL) defines invocation in C++ like syntax RMI uses Java language as IDL language Benefits of distributed objects allows objects written in different languages to communicate seamlessly via standardized messaging protocols embodied by middleware. Higher levels of transparency of interoperability Objects can be “self-managing” of resources provides flexible grain of decomposition for building complex systems 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Distributed Object Web Technology Model Basic Vision: Merge Web and Distributed Objects E.g. Need to abstract entities (Web Pages, database entries, simulations) and services as objects with methods(interfaces) CORBA .. XML is “just” CGI done right COM(Microsoft) and CORBA(world) are competing cross platform and language object technologies Javabeans plus RMI and perhaps JINI is 100% pure Java distributed object technology W3C says you should use XML which defines a better IDL and with Schema an object specification model and SOAP an Object access model 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

3-Tier Architecture and Different Object Models There are several important Object Models: COM, CORBA, Java, Web, Oracle Database …… But it doesn’t matter!! Object Repository XML File System (Web Site) Request Or Export/Import Information Middle Tier “Business Logic” dissociates User and Back End Database 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Emerging Object Web Multi-Server Model Clients and their servers Back End Servers and their services Middle Tier Custom Servers 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Computational Science Grid: Multi-Server Web Computing System Portals are user Interfaces to a Grid The World Wide Web is a big Grid P2P Networks include Grids Multidisciplinary Control (WebFlow) Portal Control Parallel DB Proxy Database NEOS Control Optimization Optimization Service Origin 2000 Proxy MPP NetSolve Linear Alg. Server Matrix Solver Agent-based Choice of Compute Engine IBM SP2 Proxy Data Analysis Server Portals MPP The Grid 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Global Grid Forum 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Computational Grids Exploit the analogy with electricity – make using a computer as natural as plugging an appliance (PDA, PC) into a wall socket Make the ensemble of computers, storage devices, scientific instruments on the web “seamlessly accessible” Link components of the grid together to solve a single problem Clusters, metacomputers There are computational grids, education grids, information grids, shopping grids etc. The web is a (information) grid Everything is an object Generic access implies standards for API’s and protocols and services USC (ISI Carl Kesselmann) and Argonne (Ian Foster) pioneered grids 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Issues for Grids and hence Portals Are the grid components pretty much fixed – such as giant ASCI supercomputers Are they fleeting and mobile such as internet connected cell phones The set of IP enabled home sensors, appliances and controllers is a grid What are requirements? anonymity, performance Security,, ease of use … Different components and requirements implies that not likely to be just one grid but a federation of interoperable grids What are the “standards” and who sets them How do universities build grids they care about on graduate time while industry builds and abandons remarkable technologies on Internet time 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Foster’s Grid architecture What is difference between protocol (SOAP, HTTP) and Application interface (HTML, MIME) 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

ASCI Grid Link the multi teraflop computers of ASCI together – today 12, 3 and 2 teraflops. By 2005 100, 60 and 20 teraflops 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

IPG Architecture 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Information Power Grid Led by NASA Ames 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Experimental Particle Physics Grid 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Earthquake Engineering Grid Links Experimental Facilities, Compute resources, people 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Commodity Portals are Web Interfaces for Consumers Yahoo, NetCenter, Amazon.com, Ebay.com etc. are portals for e-commerce, news etc. We want to use these ideas in building computer interfaces 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Hierarchy of Portals and Their Technology Portal Building Tools and Frameworks (XML, iPlanet, Portlets, www.desktop.com) Generic Portals Collaboration Universal Access Security ……. Generic Services User customization, component libraries, fixed channels Information Services Databases ……. Enterprise Portals Grid Services Visualization ... Quizzes Grading ... Education Services Compute Services Education and Training Portals MathML etc Science Portals ……... ……... K-12 University Biology Chem Egy 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Services in Any Grid Application Security Fault Tolerance Object Lookup and Registration Object Persistence and Database support Event and Transaction Services Information Services Collaboration among users Teachers and Students (Centra) Market lead and Salespeople (WebeX) 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Further Services in Computational Grids Job Status File Services (as in NPACI Storage Resource Broker) Support (XML based) computational science specific metadata like MathML, XSIL Visualization Programming, Debugging, Performance Monitoring Application Integration (chaining services viewed as backend compute filters) can be called Workflow “Seamless Access” and integration of resources between different users/application domains Parameter Specification Service (get data from Web form into Fortran program wrapped as backend object) High Performance for general services 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Learning Management Grid from DoD ADL ADL= Advanced Distributed Learning Learning Server Content Server(s) External systems: HR, E-Commerce, ERP... Migration Adapter API Application Browser Server Side Client Side HTML+ Services or Adapter Course Interchange: Structure Format (CSF), Metadata Runtime Environment: Launch, API, Data Model “Learning Management System” LMS Common Grid Services & Objects Client Server www.adlnet.org 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Properties of Educational Objects Metadata from IEEE and IMS Roughly Properties of educational objects thought of as “documents” (author, title …) Course Packaging from ADL and IMS How to form bigger (educational) objects from smaller objects Enterprise Properties from IMS Link to people (users) and organization databases (rather incomplete at present but must be important as probably can agree) Tests and Quizzes from IMS Specialized descriptors from ADL Such as objectives, prerequisites, completion requirements All Grids 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Education Specific Portal Services Administrative Structure degrees, departments, lecturers, Deans ... Performance (grading) information Homework submission Quizzes of various types (multiple choice, random parameters) Assessment data and an analysis Hierarchical Curriculum structure from document fragment to page to lecture to course Napster/Gnutella type P2P distributed information system with personalized dynamic collections (analogy between CDROM of pirated music and dynamic lectures/personal info resource as in RealJukebox) 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Some Science Portals and Services: Gannon Project Supported Grid Services JS JM IS FM AA CT SC EJ Grid Standards used or will use Needed Services Gateway X X X X X X X Kerb/GSI, MDS, Gram, CORBA, EJB Events, Collab, app resource management Mississippi X X X X X X X X Kerb/GSI, Gram, GIS, CORBA. Event, Data access services Unicore GSI, GIS, Scheduling Abstract Job Metadata Hot Page X X X X X GSI, GIS, Gram, SRB Grid Accounting, portal-to-portal protocols, cert/key repository Indiana X X X X X X GSI, MDS, Gram, GSIFTP, CoG Events, app schema standards, RMI Nimrod Globus, Legion, Condor Resource Auctions & Allocations Cactus Globus via GPDK HDF5, MPI Resource Brokers JS Job Submission JM Job Management e.g. File Staging IS Information Services FM File Management AA Authorization and Accounting CT Composition SC Scripting EJ Job Journaling 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal

Some Science Portals and Services: Gannon JS Job Submission JM Job Management e.g. File Staging IS Information Services FM File Management AA Authorization and Accounting CT Composition SC Scripting EJ Job Journaling Project Supported Grid Services JS JM IS FM AA CT SC EJ Grid Standards used or will use Needed Services GPDK-LBL X X X X X Globus via CoG CoG-ANL Globus, CORBA Software Installation JiPANG/Ninf X X X X X X CoG, Jini, Ninf, Netsolve Events ECCE+ELN GSI, GIS, Meta-scheduling IPG LaunchPad X X X X X X GSI, GIS via GPDK Lattice X X X X X X X OpenSSL, x.509 Discover CORBA 4/28/2019 2and3tierportal