Prevention of ethanol-induced erythrocyte transformations by fructose and natural honey in low alcohol tolerance mice  Shigeyuki Yamada, Eriko Itoh, Yuki Murakami, Makishige Asano  Pathophysiology  Volume 6, Issue 3, Pages 163-170 (December 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0928-4680(99)00011-5

Fig. 1 Time courses of change in plasma ethanol concentrations after oral administration of ethanol (6 g EtOH/kg b.w.). Values are means and standard deviations obtained from three animals. Pathophysiology 1999 6, 163-170DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(99)00011-5)

Fig. 2 Typical examples of time courses of changes in blood glucose levels after oral administration of ethanol (6 g EtOH/kg b.w.), followed by administration of fructose (F1: 1.0 g/kg b.w., F2: 2.0 g/kg b.w.) or natural honey (H1: 1.25 g/kg b.w., H2: 2.5 g/kg b.w.) 30 min later. The time-points are from the administration of fructose or natural honey. At zero time point, symbols show the values before the administration of ethanol. Pathophysiology 1999 6, 163-170DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(99)00011-5)

Fig. 3 Photomicrographs of erythrocytes before oral administration of ethanol (6 g EtOH/kg b.w.) and 4, 6, and 8 h thereafter. EI, echinocytes at stage I and II; EII, echinocytes at stage III; S, stomatocytes. Pathophysiology 1999 6, 163-170DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(99)00011-5)

Fig. 4 Time courses of changes in deformed erythrocytes ratio after oral administration of ethanol (6 g EtOH/kg b.w.), followed by oral administration of fructose (F1: 1.0 g/kg b.w., F2: 2.0 g/kg b.w.) or natural honey (H1: 1.25 g/kg b.w., H2: 2.5 g/kg b.w.) 30 min later. Values are means and standard deviations obtained from six animals in each group. *P<0.05 compared with corresponding 0 h value; †P<0.05 control versus H2. Pathophysiology 1999 6, 163-170DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(99)00011-5)

Fig. 5 Time courses of changes in percentages of echinocytes at stages I and II (EI), echinocytes at stage III (EII), and stomatocytes (S) following oral administration of ethanol (6 g EtOH/kg b.w.) in control, fructose (F1, F2), and natural honey (H1, H2) groups. Values are means obtained from six animals in each group. *P<0.05 compared with corresponding 0 h value, †P<0.05 control versus F2. Pathophysiology 1999 6, 163-170DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(99)00011-5)

Fig. 6 Time courses of changes in diameter of biconcave discoid erythrocytes after oral administration of ethanol (6 g EtOH/kg b.w.), followed by administration of fructose (F1: 1.0 g/kg b.w., F2: 2.0 g/kg b.w.) or natural honey (H1: 1.25 g/kg b.w., H2: 2.5 g/kg b.w.) 30 min later. Values are means and standard deviations obtained from six animals in each group. *P<0.05 compared with corresponding 0 h value. Pathophysiology 1999 6, 163-170DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(99)00011-5)

Fig. 7 Hemolysis ratios in 0.5% buffered saline solution after 8 h from oral administration of ethanol (6 g EtOH/kg b.w.) in control, fructose (F1, F2), natural honey (H1, H2), single-shot, and non-EtOH groups (see text). Values are means and standard deviations obtained from six animals in each group. *P<0.05 compared with non-EtOH. Pathophysiology 1999 6, 163-170DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(99)00011-5)