Wind Energy in Portugal Susana Batel (University Institute of Lisbon – ISCTE-IUL) Wind Energy in Portugal

1. 2020 EU goals Source: EC, Eurostat, 2005-2015 Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption, by country, 2005 and 2015 31% goal for 2020 Source: EC, Eurostat, 2005-2015

2. The Portuguese context in more detail First wind farm built in 1988 in Santa Maria, Azores Boom in 2001, with city councils benefitting from a 2.5% share of income from wind farms located there Often built on sparsely populated mountains or in enclaves along urban centers near the coast Megaprojects = Alto Minho Wind Park “the biggest in Europe” (120 turbines and 240 MW installed capacity) Created a wind turbine industry that has become an exporting sector (IEA, 2016; Bento & Fontes, 2015) Supported through the adoption of feed-in tariffs, direct subsidy payments and tax incentives Main producer is former energy utility EDP Source: INEGI, 2017 Source: IEA, 2016

2. The Portuguese context in more detail Economic crisis 2008-2014 e.g., Only 19MW have been licensed 2010-2015 Currently quite saturated, mainly repowering projects Social acceptance: Controversies mainly related with wind farms in protected areas (e.g., Natura 2000), proposed top-down Lack of transparency and involvement one of the main reasons for protest (Delicado et al., 2013) Contestation mainly from environmental NGO’s; rural populations mainly perceive them as allowing to extract livelihoods (Afonso & Mendes, 2015) Renewable energies as part of new national narrative and identity? (Batel et al., 2017)

2. The Portuguese context in more detail November 2016 > Industrial Strategy and Action Plan for Ocean Renewable Energies (EI-ERO): for generating until 2020 280 million € in added value, 254 million € of investment and 1500 new direct jobs

3. The future IEA recommendations: Reduce the tariff deficit; Development of key infrastructure development (i.e., interconnectors with France) to facilitate renewable energy integration and security of supply Offshore wind generation and industry

Obrigada! susana.batel@iscte-iul.pt