Stephen R. Holdsworth, A. Richard Kitching, Peter G. Tipping

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Th1 and Th2T helper cell subsets affect patterns of injury and outcomes in glomerulonephritis Stephen R. Holdsworth, A. Richard Kitching, Peter G. Tipping Kidney International Volume 55, Issue 4, Pages 1198-1216 (April 1999) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00369.x Copyright © 1999 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 T helper cell subsets, Th1/Th2. Interleukin (IL)-12 drives differentiation of T cells to the Th1 subset, which induces cell-mediated immune responses of which the classic example is the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. IL-4 induces Th2 cell development, humoral immunity, and components of immediate type hypersensitivity. The IgG subclasses listed are for the mouse. Kidney International 1999 55, 1198-1216DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00369.x) Copyright © 1999 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Different patterns of glomerular injury in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM GN). Th1-prone C57BL/6 mice develop proliferative GN with frequent glomerular crescent formation (A). BALB/c mice (Th2 prone relative to C57BL/6 mice) develop GN with paucity of DTH effectors and sparse crescent formation (B; silver methenamine/acid fuchsin stain; magnification ×400). Kidney International 1999 55, 1198-1216DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00369.x) Copyright © 1999 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Hypothesized immune response patterns in crescentic GN (Th1 predominance) and membranous GN (Th2 predominance). Kidney International 1999 55, 1198-1216DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00369.x) Copyright © 1999 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions