End of WWII.

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Presentation transcript:

End of WWII

Potsdam Conference To deal w/ postwar GER (in ruins) 1st time Truman met with Churchill & Stalin Divided Ger - 4 zones GB, FR, US  western GER (industrial) USSR  eastern (rural) Jointly control Berlin (east) Divided AT into zones

GER Occupation Stabilize GER Crush Nazi Party Re-est local gov’ts Rebuild industry Return refugees to homes Stalin demanded Allies recognize PL’s claim to GER terr Immediate reparations from GER Caused tensions with Allies

JP Occupation US occupied from 1945-1952 End JP militarism, est democratic gov’t Hirohito in palace but no power MacArthur & new JP congress ran JP New constitution 1947 Abolished army & navy, voting rights -women, religious freedom

JP Occupation Economic reform Land to JP farmers Allowed labor unions Broke up zaibutsu or huge corps run by single familes that had monopolies

Nuremberg Trials Discussed at Potsdam Must punish military leaders who committed or ordered atrocities Trials began 11/1945 Int’l military ct 4 charges Planning war Committing war crimes Crimes against humanity Conspiring to commit crimes

Verdict 12 Nazi leaders sentenced to death 7 jail sentences 3 acquitted In trials held in US zone - 1,000’s tried, jailed, fined, barred from public office Some escaped or committed suicide

Trials in Tokyo MacArthur set up Int’l Military Tribunal 1946 Over 20 on trial 7 sentenced to death (Tojo), other life in prison Ams thought more GER & JP officials should be punished Set standards for int’l law

The UN US, GB, USSR, CHI met in D.C. World peace Delegates from 50 nations met in San Fran to draw up charter Gen Assembly - all members Security Council - 5 permanent members & 10 rotating members (US, GB, FR, USSR, CHI) Military & political probs & has power to veto any action proposed by Gen Assembly 10/24/1945 HQ in NYC, Trygve Lee of NO - 1st sec gen

The Founding of Israel Palestine claimed by Arabs & Jews EU Jews moved there despite Arab protest GB looked to UN 1st major conflict faced by UN Divide into 2?  Rejected by Arabs

Arab-Israeli War UN plan victory for Zionism - the movement seeking a Jewish homeland in Palestine Ben-Gurion proclaimed new state of Israel US & USSR recognized nation

The Arab-Israeli War Arab states reacted violently Armies from Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, & Transjordan joined Palestine Israeli forces captured & held much of Palestine

The Arab-Israeli War UN sent mediator Bernadotte Cease fire Assassinated by Israeli extremists UN sent mediator Ralph Bunche Armistice Nobel Peace Prize, 1950 1949 - Israel got more land BUT Jerusalem divided into Arab & Israeli zones Egypt control of Gaza Strip Jordan control of West Bank