Chem 30: Solubility The Common Ion Effect.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Solubility Equilibria
Advertisements

Solubility Equilibria
SOLUBILITY Saturated Solution BaSO 4(s)  Ba 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) Equilibrium expresses the degree of solubility of solid in water. Equilibrium expresses.
Solubility Equilibria AP Chemistry
Chapter 19 - Neutralization
Solubility Equilibrium
Monday, April 11 th : “A” Day Agenda  Homework questions/collect  Finish section 14.2: “Systems At Equilibrium”  Homework: Section 14.2 review, pg.
Precipitation Equilibrium
CHEMISTRY 121/122 Solubility Equilibrium. What is a solution?  A solution is a mixture in which a solid has been dissolved into a liquid, usually water.
Notes handout, equilibrium video part 2. 2 Le Chatelier’s Principle: if you disturb an equilibrium, it will shift to undo the disturbance. Remember, in.
Lecture 82/2/07 Seminar Monday. QUIZ 2 1. Write the complete ionic and net ionic equation for: AgNO 3 + NaI ⇄ AgI + NaNO 3 2. The solubility of Ag 2 CrO.
Lecture 82/07/05 Seminar: Monday 2/7 4:30 Room 006 Eric Howe “Untangling sickle-cell anemia and the discovery of heterozygote protection to address students’
PRECIPITATION REACTIONS Chapter 19 Copyright © 1999 by Harcourt Brace & Company All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part.
Chapter 16: Aqueous Ionic Equilibria Common Ion Effect Buffer Solutions Titrations Solubility Precipitation Complex Ion Equilibria.
Solubility Product Constant
Solubility Equilibria
A salt, BaSO4(s), is placed in water
Solubility Product Determining Precipitation Conditions.
Ksp and Solubility Equilibria
Solubility Equilibrium
Equilibrium SCH4U organic photochromic molecules respond to the UV light.
Solubility Equilibria
Solubility Equilibria
Titration Example Problem Suppose that 10.0g of an unknown monoprotic weak acid, HA, is dissolved in 100 mL of water. To reach the equivalence point, 100.0mL.
Solubility Lesson 5 Trial Ion Product. We have learned that when two ionic solutions are mixed and if one product has low solubility, then there is a.
1 PRECIPITATION REACTIONS Solubility of Salts Section 18.4.
Unit 17. Dissolution: the process in which an ionic solid dissolves in a polar liquid. AgCl (s) ↔ Ag + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Precipitation: the process in.
Le Chatelier’s Principle
Solubility Equilibrium Solubility Product Constant Ionic compounds (salts) differ in their solubilities Most “insoluble” salts will actually dissolve.
1 PRECIPITATION REACTIONS Solubility of Salts Section 18.4.
Solubility Equilibria
1 Solubility Equilibria Dissolution M m X x (s)  m M n+ (aq) + x X y- (aq) Precipitation m M n+ (aq) + x X y- (aq)  M m X x (s) For a dissolution process,
UNIT III Tutorial 13: The Common Ion Effect and Altering Solubility.
Solubility Lesson 6 Changing solubility/Common Ion Effect.
SOLUBILITY I. Saturated Solution BaSO 4(s)  Ba 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) Equilibrium expresses the degree of solubility of solid in water. Ksp = solubility.
Ksp – Solubility Product Constant
11 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Chem. 243 Chapter 7 Precipitation Titration.
Drill: Determine the KQ/HQ ratio to make a buffer solution with a pH of 4.70 K a for HQ = 3.0 x
CH 8 Solubility Rules & Net Ionic Equations. Chemical Reactions Many chemical reactions take place in solution. This means that the ionic compounds are.
Previous Knowledge – 30S Chem – Solutions, Unit 1, and Equilibrium Content – p
1 PRECIPITATION REACTIONS Solubility of Salts Section 18.4.
Unit 4 Solutions and Stoichiometry. Outline of Topics Solutions Solutions Molarity Molarity Dilution Dilution Introduction to Chemical Reactions Introduction.
The equilibrium product constant A salt is considered soluble if it dissolves in water to give a solution with a concentration of at least 0.1 M at room.
Chapter 16 Solubility Equilibria. Saturated solutions of “insoluble” salts are another type of chemical equilibria. Ionic compounds that are termed “insoluble”
 Usually consider solids (salts)  Dissolving in water – “like dissolves like” ◦ Forming aqueous solutions.  Remember pure liquids and solids are not.
Chapter 17 Solubility and Simultaneous Equilibria
Equilibrium is obtained when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. CO (g) + H2O (g)
Ch 15 Part III: Solubility, Ksp, and Precipitation
Chapter 7.6 Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product Constant
Topic 8: Kinetics and Equilibrium
Equilibrium Jot down the answers to the following six questions
The Solubility Product Constant, Ksp
SCH4U:Solubility Equilibrium Lesson
KSP = Solubility product constant
Chemistry 18.3.
Formality (F): Wt.(g) /F.Wt. F = F.Wt = Formula weight V(L)
The Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
Solubility Lesson 5 Trial Ion Product.
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria
Solubility Remember, solubility means that the solute dissolves in water, and also that there are solubility rules that according to the AP Board, you.
Solubility Lesson 7 Changing solubility.
Solubility Product Constant
Solubility Equilibrium
Solubility Product Constant
Solubility & Simultaneous Equilibria Part I: Ksp and Solubility
Solubility & Simultaneous Equilibria Part I: Ksp and Solubility
GRAVIMETRIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS
Presentation transcript:

Chem 30: Solubility The Common Ion Effect

The Common Ion Effect: Remember that when a salt dissolves in water, some of it dissolves and some may stay as a solid. There is a point at which the salt dissolving reaches equilibrium. This means that for each formula unit of salt that dissolves, a pair of ions come together to create a formula unit. When we dissolve ions in water we know that the product of the concentrations of the ions, to the power of their coefficients in a balanced equation, is equal to the Ksp. As long as the product of the concentration of the ions does not exceed the Ksp value, no precipitate forms.

The Common Ion Effect: Let’s look at the following example: Copper (I) iodide is not very soluble in water (Ksp = 4 × 10−19): CuI(s) ⇌Cu+(aq) + I−(aq) Since Ksp = [Cu+][I-], if the product of the concentrations of Cu+ and I- stays below 4 × 10−19, no precipitate will form, however, if we add extra iodine or copper ions (the common ion) things will change. Let`s say we added some iodide ions; this will increase the concentration of iodide and the product of the copper ions and iodide ions would be higher than the Ksp value. This is not possible so the concentrations would need to be lowered. In order to lower the concentration of iodide ions, some copper (I) iodide would need to precipitate out. This follows Le Chatelier`s Principle because we increased the concentration of the products (iodide ions) so the reaction shifts to the reactants.

The Common Ion Effect: After adding iodide ions to the solution, copper (I) iodide will precipitate out, but once the reaction reaches equilibrium again, the concentration of copper ions and iodide will no longer be equal (there will be more iodide ions in solution than copper ions). This also means the concentration of Cu+ will be lower than at the original equilibrium and the concentration of I- will be higher than at the original equilibrium. Overview: If a slightly soluble ionic compound is dissolved in water, you can force precipitation of that salt by adding a readily soluble ionic compound that has an ion in common with the slightly soluble salt. This shift is known as the common ion effect.

The Common Ion Effect: Ex. The Ksp of silver iodide is . What is the iodide ion concentration of a 1.00 L saturated solution of AgI to which 0.020 mol of AgNO3 is added? AgI(aq) ⇌ Ag+(aq) + I-(aq) Ksp = [Ag+][I-]=8.3x10-17

Selective Precipitation Selective precipitation is when you separate ions from two solutes to create a precipitate. To calculate selective precipitation we use initial concentrations (Q), instead of the equilibrium concentrations. In selective precipitation there are restraints in forming a precipitate; a precipitate doesn't always form in a solution. It depends on the relationship between K and Q: If Q>K  a precipitate forms and the reaction proceeds to the left If Q<K  no precipitate forms and the reaction proceeds to the right If Q=K  the reaction is at equilibrium

Example: If 40L of 0. 0050M KCl is mixed with 60L of 0. 0030M Pb(NO3)2 Example: If 40L of 0.0050M KCl is mixed with 60L of 0.0030M Pb(NO3)2. Will the precipitate PbCl2 (Ksp= 1.6 X 10-5) form? First we calculate the initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cl-: Calculate value of Q:

Example: If 100L of 0. 03M Pb(NO3)2 is mixed with 200L of 0. 09M KCl Example: If 100L of 0.03M Pb(NO3)2 is mixed with 200L of 0.09M KCl. Does a precipitate (PbCl2) form? (Ksp = 1.6 X 10-5). What are the equilibrium concentrations of Pb2+  and Cl-?

By using selective precipitation, we can calculate the amount of a reagent necessary to react with the salt. Example: If a solution contains  1.0 x 10-5 M  of  Pb2+  and 2.0 x 10-5 M  Ag+ and Cl-  is slowly added to the  solution, will AgCl (Ksp=1.6 x 10-10)  or PbCl2 (Ksp=1.6 x 10-5) precipitate first? Which will be in excess?

See Common Ion and Selective Precipitation Assignment