Psychological impact of unexpected explicit recall of events occurring during surgery performed under sedation, regional anaesthesia, and general anaesthesia:

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Psychological impact of unexpected explicit recall of events occurring during surgery performed under sedation, regional anaesthesia, and general anaesthesia: data from the Anesthesia Awareness Registry C.D. Kent, G.A. Mashour, N.A. Metzger, K.L. Posner, K.B. Domino British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 110, Issue 3, Pages 381-387 (March 2013) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes386 Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Sensations and distress in patients with unexpected explicit recall complaints. Patients with unexpected explicit recall after sedation/RA were more likely to report isolated auditory or tactile sensations and less likely to report pain and paralysis compared with those with awareness during GA (*P=0.03, **P<0.01 for each test by Z-test). Nearly all (94%) of patients who had awareness under GA experienced distress, as did the majority (78%) of sedation/RA patients (P=0.06). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 381-387DOI: (10.1093/bja/aes386) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Psychological sequelae of unexpected explicit recall or awareness. Patients with unexpected explicit recall complaints after sedation/RA were less likely to report experiencing anxiety, dreams or nightmares, and chronic fear daily, weekly or monthly since their explicit recall experience compared with those with awareness during GA (*P<0.01 for each by the χ2 test). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 381-387DOI: (10.1093/bja/aes386) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Persistent psychological sequelae. Patients with unexpected explicit recall complaints after sedation/RA had similar reports of persistent psychological sequelae since their explicit recall experience, compared with those with awareness during GA. No statistically significant difference between the groups. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 381-387DOI: (10.1093/bja/aes386) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions