Attachment of muscles Muscles are attached to bones or other structures either directly or indirectly

Direct/Indirect attachment Direct--Epimysium of muscle is fused to bone or cartilage Indirect—muscle fascia extends beyond the muscle as a tendon and connects to either bone, cartilage, or fascia of another muscle

Arrangement of Fascicles The way the muscles are arranged influences the range of motion and the amount of power Power is dependent on the number of muscle cells being used Muscle fibers can shorten to about ½ their length Longer muscle fibers in the direction of the muscle axis allow for a greater range of motion

Parallel arrangement Long axis of the fascicle runs with the longitudinal axis of the muscle Ex—strap-like muscles of the biceps

Pennate attachment Muscle fibers are short and fascicles are attached at an angle to a central tendon running the length of the muscle Unipennate—one side Bipennate—both sides

Convergent attachment Broad origin and fascicles converge (come together) toward a central tendon-example is the pectoralis major

Circular arrangement Fascicles form a circle around muscle fibers Ex—muscles around eyes and mouth