Influence of nociceptive stimulation on analgesia nociception index (ANI) during propofol–remifentanil anaesthesia M. Gruenewald, C. Ilies, J. Herz,

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Influence of nociceptive stimulation on analgesia nociception index (ANI) during propofol–remifentanil anaesthesia M. Gruenewald, C. Ilies, J. Herz, T. Schoenherr, A. Fudickar, J. Höcker, B. Bein British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 110, Issue 6, Pages 1024-1030 (June 2013) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet019 Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Experimental timeline. The study was performed in the anaesthesia-induction room. For induction of anaesthesia, propofol was administered until loss of consciousness and to achieve a bispectral index (BIS) value range between 30 and 60. The first stimulus was induced by insertion of an LMA, followed by three tetanic stimulations of the forearm at 0, 2, and 4 ng ml−1 of remifentanil effect site concentration. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 1024-1030DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet019) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Variables before (white boxes) and after (blue boxes) stimulation by either insertion of an LMA or tetanic stimulations of the forearm at 0, 2, and 4 ng ml−1 remifentanil effect site concentration (T1, T2, T3, respectively). Analgesia nociception index (ANI), surgical pleth index (SPI), bispectral index (BIS), HR, and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Data are median, IQR, and range. *P<0.05 vs. pre-stimulation value. #P<0.05 vs. lower remifentanil concentration British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 1024-1030DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet019) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Plots of individual time courses (light blue lines) and mean time course (dark blue lines) of ANI 60 s before and 120 s after tetanic stimulation (dotted line) at different remifentanil effect site concentrations. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, 1024-1030DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet019) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions