Chapter 12 Section 1

Focus Question What is propaganda?

Constitution and Federalism Federal System of Government Constitution Protects the states No state can be divided States can maintain a militia States can not Make treaties with nations Declare war Make their own money Take away civil liberties or rights

State and Federal power Reserved Powers Reserved to the states Divorce, marriage, education Public health, safety, daily government Federal Supremacy Concurrent Powers Taxes State vs. Federal Government Federal Government comes first State Government has to follow the federal governments laws

Governmental cooperation Government Cooperation Good relations between the two governments Grant In Aid Gives money to the states to fund a program States must fund some of their own money Follow the federal governments laws Article IV Cooperation between all states Each state must have a republic form of government Election polls for federal government

State Constitution Each state constitution is different Each state has three branches of government States make laws that affect the people residing in the states Establish independent state agencies State constitution is the highest form of government within the states States can pass their own laws and amendments

Section 2

What are reserved powers? Focus Question What are reserved powers?

Makeup of Legislature Can vary in size New Hampshire 400 Nebraska 49 49 States have bicameral legislature 1 state has unicameral legislature Qualifications and terms are based on state specifications House has to be at least 18 Senate usually have to be 30

State Legislature Function Operates like the federal legislature House (lower house) Senate (upper house) Has various committees Education, health care, environmental Review and pass bills What bills they pass have to go on to be reviewed Apportionment Take a census every 4 years Divides states into districts

Problems States Face States are designed to: Protect Environment Reduce crime Protect the public Regulate business Set and maintain budgets States have strict budgets Should not be spending more than they are taking in. Receive grants

Section 3 Executive Branch

Does every state have a bicameral legislature? Focus Question Does every state have a bicameral legislature?

Governor Qualifications Elections American Citizen 30 year Old Resident of the state for 5 years Most: college educated, political leaders, good at public speaking Elections Direct elections Majority vote Not an electoral college

Process of Running 1. Individual must gain nomination 2. Run in the election 4 year term Can be impeached Recall elections Lieutenant governor Is second in command of the state Takes over if anything happens to the governor Speaker of the house is third in line

Powers and Duties Head of the executive branch Other Privileges Issues executive orders Can suggest bills Reject or pass bills Line item veto Veto specifics of a bill Requires 2/3 vote Other Privileges Grants pardons Commute Parole Franking privileges

Departments Cabinets Executive departments Not all states have a cabinet Executive departments In charge of ONE issue Justice Agriculture Healthcare Education Public works Welfare board

Section 4 Judicial Branch

Who is the leader of the state executive branch? Focus Question Who is the leader of the state executive branch?

Lower Courts Federal courts handle only a small portion of cases Most court cases are heard by the states Interpret and apply the laws Organized similar to federal courts Organized into 3 tiers 1. justice courts 2. Magistrate courts 3. Higher courts Court of appeals Supreme court

Courts Justice Courts Magistrate Courts Higher Courts Hears only minor cases misdemeanor No Jury Only a Judge rules Magistrate Courts Civil cases Less than $1000 Divided by area Higher Courts General Trial Courts Felonies Murder, rape, armed robbery, arson Judge, Jury, Lawyers Court of appeals Supreme court

Selection of Judges Multiple ways to select judges Characteristics Popular Vote State Legislative Appointment Missouri Plan Popular vote and appointment Characteristics 6-12 year terms Can be impeached Can be suspended, removed, demoted

Focus Question What is the difference between a weak mayor system and a strong mayor system.

Quiz What are concurrent powers, give an example of one? What is Grant in Aide? What are reserved powers, give an example of one? What is the difference between a bicameral and unicameral legislature? States are designed to do 5 things, list three of them? What are the qualification to run for Governor? What are the three levels of state courts? What are the 4 ways state justices can be chosen? List one way the state and federal judicial branch are similar and different from one another List one way the state and federal executive branch are similar and different from one another List one way the state and federal legislative branch are similar and different from one another