Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Prokaryotic – Eukaryotic - Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic – Eukaryotic - Does not have a nucleus Does have a nucleus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBvfBB_oSTc

Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

Cell Parts Organelles, which are: Little organs, the organs of a cell

Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleus Cells control center or brain Contains genetic material – DNA Contains the nucleolus

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Contains coded information that passes on every single inherited characteristic http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid between cell membrane and nucleus where most of the organelles are found

Endoplasmic Reticulum Tubes that move and store materials Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Protein producing factories Proteins produce chemical messages that run a cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondrian Produces energy for cell to use by breaking down substances http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome Where digestion of cell nutrients takes place Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles Storage area for fat and other substances http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Reproduction

Cell Reproduction Summary Prokaryotic Cell Reproduction Binary Fission Conjugation Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction (reproduction of the nucleus) Mitosis Meiosis After mitosis and meiosis occur then the cell itself divides and this is called cytokinesis http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitosis The division of eukaryotic cells The goal of mitosis is to produce two cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell, meaning the new cells have exactly the same DNA as the parent cell. Fore example, mitosis happens when you grow. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Meiosis The division of eukaryotic cells The goal of meiosis is to produce sperm or eggs cells, also known as gametes. The resulting gametes are NOT genetically identical to the parent cell. The new cells have only half of the parent cell’s This is necessary so that when a sperm and an egg combine at fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct amount of DNA. The zygote then begins to divide through mitosis. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

THE END