IV. The Road to War A. Conflict with Native Americans 1. About 900,000 white settlers moved west of the Appalachians between 1790 and 1810. a) The Native Americans resented the people who settled on their lands. b) Settlers had ignored treaties. 2. Fighting often broke out between settlers and Native Americans. a) Warfare spread across the frontier. b) The Treaty of Greenville led to the Native Americans giving up land that would later become OH.

IV. The Road to War 1. Fighting with Native Americans led to strained relations between the United States and Britain. a) Britain supplied and encouraged attacks on American settlements. 2. The United States offered to continue trading with the first country (France or Britain) to respect the U.S.’s neutrality. a) France immediately announced that the United States was neutral. b) Trade was allowed with France, but not Britain.

IV. The Road to War B. Tecumseh’s Confederation 1. OH joined the Union in 1803. a) Settlers were now pushing into IN territory. b) Native Americans were led by two Shawnee leaders: Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa (the prophet) 2. The Prophet and Tecumseh taught that white customs corrupted the Native American way of life. 3. In 1808, the Prophet built a village for his followers along Tippecanoe Creek in Indiana Territory. a) Native Americans from as far away as present day MO, MN, and IA came to hear his message. 4. Tecumseh worked to organize Native American nations into a confederacy, or league. a) He called for unity against settlers.

IV. The Road to War C. A Push Toward War 5. Tecumseh impressed white leaders. 6. Rivalries among Native American nations kept Tecumseh from uniting all the Indians east of the Mississippi River. 7. In 1811, Harrison marched 1,000 soldiers against Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe Creek. a) The Battle of Tippecanoe was a victory for Harrison and his American army. b) Tecumseh and his army continued to resist. C. A Push Toward War

IV. The Road to War 3. While Madison did not war, other Americans were not as cautious. a) Other than New England, anti-British sentiment ran strong. b) Members of Congress from the South and West who called for war were known as War Hawks. 4. War Hawks were stirred by a strong sense of nationalism, or devotion to one’s own country. a) War Hawks felt that Britain was still treating the U. S. like a British colony and that they did not respect the U.S. 5. The most outspoken War Hawk was Henry Clay of KY.

IV. The Road to War a) Clay wanted to punish Britain for attacking U.S. ships. 6. War Hawks pointed out advantages of going to war with Britain. a) Seize FL. b) Achieve safety for American settlers on the frontier. 7. The United States and Britain continued to drift toward war. a) Britain continued to attack U.S. ships. b) The British blockaded some American ports. c) There was a brief battle outside of New York harbor between an American frigate and a British warship.

IV. The Road to War 8. The War Hawks urged Congress to prepare for war. a) John Randolph (VA) and other New England congressman disagreed. 9. At last, in June 1812, President Madison asked Congress to declare war on Britain.