Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve exercise capacity in patients with severe COPD: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Dr.

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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve exercise capacity in patients with severe COPD: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Dr Matthew Maddocks, PhD, Claire M Nolan, MSc, William D-C Man, PhD, Prof Michael I Polkey, PhD, Nicholas Hart, PhD, Wei Gao, PhD, Gerrard F Rafferty, PhD, Prof John Moxham, MD, Prof Irene J Higginson, PhD The Lancet Respiratory Medicine Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 27-36 (January 2016) DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00503-2 Copyright © 2016 Maddocks et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Trial profile NMES=neuromuscular electrical stimulation. MRC=Medical Research Council. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2016 4, 27-36DOI: (10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00503-2) Copyright © 2016 Maddocks et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Functional exercise capacity (primary outcome), quadriceps muscle strength, and mass outcomes (secondary outcomes) by treatment group Data are mean (95% CI) change. Shaded area represents treatment period. Asterisks denote a significant between group difference of p<0·05. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2016 4, 27-36DOI: (10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00503-2) Copyright © 2016 Maddocks et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions