PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION We will examine the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living things and the environment.

Key Elements Chloroplasts - Organelles found only in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis. Mitochondria - Organelles found in plant and animal cells that carry out cellular respiration.

What is Photosynthesis? The process by which chloroplasts capture sunlight energy and make food for a plant. The sun is the source of energy for photosynthesis.

Why is Photosynthesis Important? It is important because it is the only thing that produces oxygen absorbs CO2

Structural Components: 1. Chlorophyll only found in chloroplasts (leaves) absorb sunlight  2. Stomata tiny pores (holes) under the leaves of plants where CO2 enters and oxygen exits 3. Roots: absorbs water

EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS Reactants Products WATER OXYGEN produces 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY C6H12O6 + 6O2 CARBON DIOXIDE GLUCOSE

Photosynthesis Process 1: Chlorophyll in chloroplasts absorbs sunlight 2: From sunlight, green plants combine with CO2 from the air, and water from the roots to make sugar and oxygen. 3: Oxygen exits the plant through stomata into the air 4: Plants use sugar to make starch, fats, proteins (food) 5: Food is spread throughout the plants by the stem “oxygen is released from plants everyday…while carbon dioxide is taken away”

What is Cellular Respiration? A process by which both plants AND animals cells turns food molecules into usable energy (ATP) Breathing in and out is often referred to as “respiration” and it is connected to, though not the same as, cellular respiration. Breathing provides the oxygen needed for cellular respiration to occur.

Plants –vs- Animals Plants are autotrophs and produce their own glucose to be used in the respiration reaction. Animal are heterotrophs, meaning that they cannot produce their own food and need to get their glucose from a plant OR a plant eating animal. The energy molecule formed in both plants and animals is called ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

2 stages of Cellular Respiration Step 1: Glycolysis In the Cytoplasm, glucose is broken down into 2 smaller molecules (Pyruvic Acid) and a small amount of energy is release (ATP). Step 2: In the Mitochondria, these 2 smaller molecules are combined with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water and a great deal of energy (ATP) is produced.

EQUATION FOR RESPIRATION Reactants Products Used by the cells to grow and reproduce. Released into the atmosphere by breathing. OXYGEN ATP GLUCOSE WATER C6H12O6 + 6O2 produces 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY CARBON DIOXIDE Produced in plants by photosynthesis or eaten by animals as food. Absorbed from the atmosphere by breathing . Used by the cells or released by osmosis and excretion.

HOW IT RELATES!

Overview of photosynthesis and respiration SUN RADIANT ENERGY CELL ACTIVITIES PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION GLUCOSE ATP(ENERGY)

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration equations are essentially opposites of each other!

Can You See How It Relates? Click Here

Lesson Summary Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related. How? Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells. Whenever you see an arrow in our equations, think “produces”. Reactants produce products. Remember, what one produces the other one needs. It is a cycle.