S. N. Gebremariam and J. M. Marchetti Techno-economic feasibility of producing biodiesel from acidic oil using sulfuric acid and calcium oxide as catalysts S. N. Gebremariam and J. M. Marchetti Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432, Ås, Norway. EnPe Conference February 2019 Trondheim EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Contents Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Introduction EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Objective To analyze the techno-economic feasibility of producting fuel grade biodiesel uisng calcium oxide and sulfuric acid catalysts separately and in combination EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Methods Process simulation based using Aspen Plus (Material & Energy balance) Super Pro (Economic analysis) Reaction Models Using sulfuric acid catalyst Transesterification and Esterification Using CaO catalyst Tranesterification and Saponification EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Optimum reaction conditions from litrature Methods cont… Description of reactions *Marchetti et al. Production of biodiesel from acid oil using sulfuric acid as catalyst: kinetics study. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies. 2010;6:38-43. ** Avhad et al. Modeling chemical kinetics of avocado oil ethanolysis catalyzed by solid glycerol-enriched calcium oxide. Energ Conver and Manage. 2016;126:1168-77. Reaction Optimum reaction conditions from litrature Temperature Catalyst amount (WRT oil mass) Molar ratio (Alcohol to oil) Ref CaO catalyzed 75 °C 7 % 9 * H2SO4 catalyzed 55 °C 2.1 % 6.1 ** For sulfuric acid catalyzed: 97.57% conversion could be achieved in 21 hours For CaO catalyzed: 97.58% conversion could be achieved in 2 hours EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Model I: Homogeneous sulfuric acid catalyzed transesterification of acidic oil for biodiesel production EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Model II: Heterogeneous CaO catalyzed transesterification of acidic oil for biodiesel production EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Model III: Heterogeneous CaO catalysis with sulfuric acid pre-esterification of acidc oil for biodiesel production EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Fig. 1: Technical performances of the studied process models Results Fig. 1: Technical performances of the studied process models EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Fig. 2: Economic performances of the studied process models Results cont… Fig. 2: Economic performances of the studied process models EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Results cont… Sensitivity analysis Fig. 2: Effect of change of oil cost on NPV for Model I ( ), Model II ( ) & Model III ( ) EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Results cont… Fig. 3: Effect of change of biodiesel selling price on NPV for Model I ( ), Model II ( ) & Model III ( ) EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Conclusion Model II (CaO catalyzed transesterification) is The least cost alternative With minimum unit production cost Profitable, indicating Positive NPV, Higher % of ROI & Less Payback Time More tolerant to market flactuations of inputs and outputs EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

References Marchetti et al. Production of biodiesel from acid oil using sulfuric acid as catalyst: kinetics study. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies. 2010;6:38-43. Avhad et al. Modeling chemical kinetics of avocado oil ethanolysis catalyzed by solid glycerol-enriched calcium oxide. Energ Conver and Manage. 2016;126:1168-77 Zhang Y, Dube M, McLean D, Kates M. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 1. Process design and technological assessment. Bioresou techno. 2003;89:1-16. Peters MS, Timmerhaus KD, West RE, Timmerhaus K, West R. Plant design and economics for chemical engineers. McGraw-Hill New York1991. Sinnott RK. Chemical Engineering Design in: C. Richardson, (Ed.). Chemical Engineering. Fourth ed. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005. EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Thank you for your attention Questions ???? shemelis.nigatu.gebremariam@nmbu.no shimesh@gmail.com +4797361166 EnPe Conference Norwegian University of Life Sciences