NEOCLASSICISM and THE ENLIGHTENMENT

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Presentation transcript:

NEOCLASSICISM and THE ENLIGHTENMENT Literature from the Age of Reason and Satire

Transitional Period Neoclassicism began around the 1660s, reacting from the religious influence in Renaissance philosophy Themes from the Renaissance that the Enlightenment avoids Imagination Invention Mysticism Religion Goodness and Beauty of Man The Enlightenment emphasized the opposites: Skepticism (We can know nothing absolutely) Order and restraint Tolerance of various ethnicities/cultures Individual > Society Logic and the powers of Reason (like Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, the scientific theory development, etc.)

Characteristics Imitates the classical styles of the ancient Greeks and Romans Focused on certain qualities: Logic/Reason (as in, scientific process) Order Skepticism Individualism / The study of Man Propriety (eg appropriateness) Designed to support Neoclassicism’s ultimate goal: Delighting, instructing, educating, and correcting Man and his social interactions Placed emphasis on the intellect over emotions

Enlightenment Styles Elevated several particular styles of writing: Satire: The use of humor, irony, or ridicule to expose or criticize the vices of others In other words: Showing the discrepancy between how things are and how things should be Essay: Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, Addison and Steele, Jonathan Swift (even some John Milton), John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant Moral Fable: A short story designed to teach a moral lessons Rarely: The Heroic Drama: A play composed with floral, vibrant language, generally set in an exotic setting with exaggerated characters and stories. See Cyrano de Bergerac, by Edmond Rostand In poetry, Alexander Pope mastered the heroic couplet, a pair of rhyming iambic pentameter lines.

Neoclassicists We Will Read Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels and “A Modest Proposal” Known for: Satire Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac Known for: Heroic couplets, Heroic drama John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Two Treatises On Government Known for: Order, Logic, Emphasis on Intellect over Emotion Niccoló Machiavelli, The Prince Known for: Extreme Order and Logic, Probable Satire