Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management Stephen P. Robbins , Organizational Behavior Dessler, Gary, Human Resource Management 11th edition

Lecture outline – individual behavior Ability Behavioral characteristics Learning Attitudes Job satisfaction Personality Values

Ability Ability is an individual’s capability to perform the various tasks in a job. Intellectual ability – to do mental activities Physical ability – tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics

Dimensions of intellectual ability Number aptitude – to do speedy and accurate arithmetic Verbal comprehension – understand what is read or heard Perceptual speed – identify visual similarities and differences quickly Inductive reasoning – identify a logical sequence in a problem and solve them Deductive reasoning – use logic and assess the implications of an argument Memory – retain and recall past experiences

Dimensions of physical abilities Strength factors Flexibility factors Body coordination Balance Stamina

Biographical characteristics Age Gender Race Social group

learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience social learning means people can learn through observation and direct experience Shaping behavior means when we attempt to mould individuals by guiding their learning in steps.

Shaping behavior Methods of shaping behavior Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Punishment Extinction

Schedules on reinforcement Continuous Intermittent Fixed interval Variable interval Fixed ratio Variable ratio

Reinforcement schedules and behavior Behavior modification Identify critical behaviors – important behaviors Develop baseline data – determines the frequency Identify behavioral consequences Develop and implement an intervention strategy Evaluate performance improvement

Why would organizations adopt and make use of the OB model?

Increase employee productivity Reduce errors Absenteeism Tardiness Accident rates Improve friendliness towards customers Etc

Attitudes Statements or judgments concerning objects, people or events Cognitive component – opinion or belief segment of an attitude Affective component – emotional or feeling segment of an attitude Behavioral component – intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something They are all related

Employee thought he deserved promotion - cognition The employee dislikes his supervisor – affect The employee is looking for another job – behavior

Major job attitudes Job satisfaction Job involvement Organizational commitment Perceived organizational support Employee engagement All these attitudes are highly related

Job satisfaction Measuring job satisfaction Its complex Can be measured through global rating and summation score

What causes job satisfaction? List 6 attributes of a job that you will value the most, from best to worst.

The impact of satisfied and dissatisfied employees on the workplace Exit – leaving the organization Voice – actively trying to improve conditions and suggesting improvements and discussing problems with superiors Loyalty – waiting for conditions to improve Neglect – allowing conditions to worsen

Job satisfaction has an effect on Job performance Organizational citizenship behavior Customer satisfaction Absenteeism Turnover Workplace