Managing Pain in the 21st Century
Overview of Chronic Pain in the United States
Rates of Chronic Pain Are Increasing for a Variety of Reasons
Mechanistic Characterization of Pain
Opioid Epidemic in the United States
Opioids for Chronic Low Back Pain Meta-Analysis
Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Meta-Analysis
Opioid vs Non-Opioid Analgesics SPACE Trial Design
Opioid vs Non-Opioid Analgesics SPACE Trial Results
CDC Guidelines for Opioid Prescribing
Opioids for Chronic Low Back Pain ACP Guidelines
Opioids for Chronic Pain Summary
Medication Options for Chronic Pain by Pain Type
Approach to Medications for Chronic Pain
Non-Opioid Options for Pain
Topical Therapies for Chronic Pain
Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen for Back Pain or OA
Oral NSAIDs
Considerations for Prescribing Oral NSAIDs
CV Risks With NSAIDs
Antidepressants for Chronic Pain Overview
Antidepressants for Chronic Pain by Class
SNRIs
Tramadol
Gabapentinoids
Muscle Relaxants/Antispasticity Agents
Evidence-Based Recommendations for Chronic Low Back Pain
Recommendations for Knee/Hip OA
Pain Management Team
Team-Based Approach to Chronic Pain Management
Concluding Remarks
Abbreviations
Abbreviations (cont)