WWI and the Great Depression SS8H8 Analyze Georgia’s participation in the important events that occurred from WWI through the Great Depression.

World War I

Causes of the World War i "The Great War was without precedent ... never had so many nations taken up arms at a single time. Never had the battlefield been so vast…never had the fighting been so gruesome..."

Main… Use the MAIN Graphic Organizer to keep your notes

Causes of World War I Militarism – building up armed forces, getting ready for war Alliances – agreements or promises to defend and help another country Imperialism – trying to build up an empire (powerful country that controls several less powerful countries) Nationalism – having pride in your country, willing to defend it After introducing the MAIN causes of WWI, have students go back and identify which political cartoon illustrates each concept.

Militarism Countries had built strong armies and navies to defend their own countries and their colonies. Tensions built as countries watched each other build up military power. Alliances European countries had joined alliances to better protect themselves. If one member was attacked, the others were obligated to help that country.

Distributed Summarizing With a seat partner, discuss a time in your life when an alliance (with a friend, family member, or someone else) has caused problems.

Imperialism Rivalries developed as countries tried to grab colonies. Conflicts had occurred over control of colonies in Africa and Asia. European countries resented and distrusted each other. 8

Nationalism Pride in one’s country; nations sought their own interests over others. Many groups wanted to be free from the control of other nations. 9

What sparked it all? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njINCi9iIrA

Then the dominos fell

The events that followed… And so the war begins! Germany declared war on France Germany declared war on Russia Russia sent troops to defend Serbia Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

Why does the United States enter the War? Sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boat (1915) Zimmermann telegram captured (1917) Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany

Georgia’s Contributions Close to 100,000 Georgians served in the armed forces during World War I The increased demand for food and for ways to store it brought prosperity to Georgia farmers and boosted industry

Georgia’s Contributions Commercial canning plants were built to process sweet potatoes and peaches http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c10000/3c12000/3c12600/3c12616v.jpg http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c10000/3c12000/3c12600/3c12614v.jpg Image is not of Georgians, but illustrates the canning plants

Georgia’s Contributions Meat packing plants opened in Moultrie, Atlanta, Augusta, and Savannah

Georgia’s Contributions Camp Benning near Columbus, GA, opened in 1918 and trained infantry troops. The training camp Camp Gordon in Chamblee, opened in 1918.

Georgia’s Contributions Georgians housed prisoners of war for the U.S. government. In 1917, a camp at Fort Oglethorpe in north Georgia, was built to hold German merchant seamen

Georgia’s Contributions In 1918, they were moved to Fort McPherson near Atlanta General Hospital No. 6 at Fort McPherson treated about 10,000 wounded soldiers from 1917 to 1919.

The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I. The War is Over! The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I.

Summarizing Strategy: 4-3-2-1 Identify or Describe 4 causes of World War I Identify or Describe 3 contributions of Georgians during World War I Identify or Describe 2 U.S. allies during WWI Identify or Describe 1 effect World War I had on Georgia

Roaring 20’s and the Great Depression

Boom of the roaring 20’s New inventions and buying on credit and margin makes life a little easier and more convenient in the 1920’s New “convenient foods” were now being frozen and packaged Many things were now delivered to you. (milk, butter, ice for the new ice box, even your doctor made house calls) Electricity becomes readily available, as well as electric appliances like the radio. (which becomes extremely popular) Gas ranges replaced coal and wood stoves so cooking becomes easier and quicker The assembly line becomes a popular method for manufacturing

Georgia’s economic problems of the 1920’s While the rest of the country was enjoying the boom of the 1920’s Georgia was suffering from a depression due to many factors: Boll weevil- small long-snouted beetle that destroys cotton, (this was the primary cash crop for most Georgians) Major Drought in 1924- ruins most of Georgia’s other crops Banks fail and lose money- since many farmers could not pay back loans due to their crop losses, many banks and farm-related businesses close

Boll Weevil

Causes of the Great Depression Behind most of the causes are the overindulgences of the 1920’s People borrowed more money than they could afford to repay so… Banks and businesses did not get repaid Factories and farmers overproduced and sales slowed due to excess supplies

Causes Continued Crop prices declined due to overproduction Surplus supplies caused new production to slow down which then lead companies to lay off workers (unemployment rises to 25%) High tariffs prevent international trading to grow, other countries had trouble repaying WWI debts Huge losses from stock market speculation and the crash of the market (“Black Tuesday”, Oct. 29, 1929)

Widespread Unemployment of the Great Depression http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/great_depression

Banks Collapse Banks closed for many reasons: Losses from lack of loan repayment Bad investments in the stock market by bank executives Too many depositors wanting their $ cashed out at the same time (called a “run” on the bank) Millions still lost their savings Banks Collapse

The Great Depression Causes Laissez- faire attitude, the economy would work itself out People borrowed more $ than they could repay Factories over produced and could not sell the inventory Run on the banks- everyone tried to withdraw their $ Businesses lost money and laid off workers Causes Market Crashes- people find out stocks are not worth what they are selling for Farmers also overproduced = surplus crops and prices fell then farmers could not repay debts High tariffs left foreign countries unable to sell to the US which prevented them from making $ to pay off war debt Stock market speculation by people and banks that purchased stocks on margin

New Deal Programs created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to focus on “the three R’s” , Relieve the suffering of unemployment; Recovery of the economy to normal levels; and Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression Passed by Congress in the early days of Roosevelt’s presidency First move was to close all banks and only reopen those that were found “sound” after an investigation (Emergency Banking Act)

New Deal There were so many agencies that his administration became known as “government by alphabet”; i.e. CCC, AAA, and REA. Many of the programs were later declared unconstitutional Ultimately did not end the depression or end unemployment

Agricultural Adjustment Administration Created to stabilize crop prices Gave government money grants (subsidies) to farmer in exchange for letting their fields go unplanted Hurt tenant farmers who did not own the land but worked it for an owner (no crop = no income) (May 28) Appearing before the House Agricultural Committee today, Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace flatly endorsed the proposed Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1937

Civilian Conservation Corps Most popular New Deal program Provided jobs for young single men 18-25 Focused on Conservation and development projects like building trails and roads in parks, planting trees to reforest and control flooding, update forest fire fighting methods, and built a network of public roadways in remote areas GA projects included Kennesaw National Battlefield, Tybee Island’s seawall, Macon’s and St. Simon’s airports, and facilities at FDR Park in Pine Mt. Built by the CCC, Pine Mountain, GA; FDR state park

Roosevelt and Rural Electrification Act REA loaned money to farmer’s cooperatives to help them afford to extend power lines and buy wholesale power This allowed farmers to now use electric farm equipment (i.e. water pumps, milking machines, lights, and appliances) Idea born from Roosevelt’s stay in Warm Springs, GA. His electric bill for the cottage was more than that of his NY mansion. Chickamauga Dam and powerhouse. One of the headquarters buildings of farmers' cooperatives which distribute Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power.

Social Security Created in 1935, as a System of retirement and unemployment insurance payments. Designed to help relieve the suffering of the poor and unemployed Originally most women and minorities were excluded from benefits Today it serves as a social insurance assistance program for retirement, disability, survivorship, death, and social welfare programs