JANUARY 3, 2017 BIOLOGY 10 DM MRS. HAUGHTON PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS JANUARY 3, 2017 BIOLOGY 10 DM MRS. HAUGHTON

RECAP PREVIOUS CLASS

The Cell A cell is the smallest functional unit of a living organism. It is also the building blocks of all living organisms.

Hierachy of Living Organisms Recall that all living organisms are constructed as follows: OrganellesCellsTissuesOrgansSystemsOrganism

PARTS THAT MAKE UP THE PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

The cell is the smallest part of an organism. Organisms with only one cell are called UNICELLULAR. Organisms made with more than one cell are celled MULTICELLULAR.

Cells make up tissues e.g. liver tissue. Tissues make up organs e.g. the liver. Organs make up systems e.g. the digestive system. Systems make up organisms e.g. humans. Cells are very tiny and we need a microscope to see them.

Structure refers to how something looks. Function refers to the way in which it acts or behaves. An organelle is a tiny organ in the cell with a special role.

The main parts of the animal cell are: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus (plural nuclei) Small vacuole Mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum (plural Endoplasmic reticula)

ANIMAL CELL

EXAMPLES OF ANIMAL CELLS (CHEEK CELLS)

The main parts of the plant cell are: Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondrion Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum Large vacuole Chloroplast (with or without starch grains)

PLANT CELL

EXAMPLE OF PLANT CELLS

Cell membrane S: Made of fat and protein; double layer F: Outer boundary of cell; protective; separates inside from out; controls what substances enter and leave; partially permeable.

cytoplasm S: Jelly-like substance; 75-85% water; the rest is dissolved substances. F: Keeps organelles in place; site of cellular reactions.

nucleus S: Large and round; surrounded by nuclear membrane; contains nucleolus F: Contains DNA and chromosomes; controls what the cell makes and does.

mitochondrion S: Oval or irregularly shaped; has two membranes; smaller in plant cells; contains respiratory enzymes. F: The site of respiration, so energy for the processes of the cell is made here.

ribosome S: Tiny round organelles that lie in the cytoplasm or are attached to the E.R. F: The site where proteins are made.

large vacuole S: Membrane enclosed structure in plant cell; few F: Contains cell sap (water, sugars, salts); storage.

small vacuole S: Numerous; found in animal cell. F: Stores food or water.

Cell wall S: the outermost boundary of the plant cell; made of cellulose and is very strong. F: protective; helps keep the plant cell’s shape; fully permeable to substances.

chloroplast S: Plant cells only; contains green pigment chlorophyll which traps sunlight energy. F: Site of photosynthesis (how plants make food).

SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) Channels running throughout the cell without ribosomeson them Transports molecules around cell.

ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) Channels running throughout the cell with ribosomes on them Transports molecules around cell.

Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein and are found in the nucleus.