The Telomere Bouquet Controls the Meiotic Spindle Kazunori Tomita, Julia Promisel Cooper  Cell  Volume 130, Issue 1, Pages 113-126 (July 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.024 Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Morphology of Zygotic Asci in Bouquet-Defective Strains (A) SPB and chromosome distribution in taz1Δlig4Δ asci. Zygotic asci harboring Cut12-GFP were stained with DAPI. (a–f) DIC image (left) and merged GFP and DAPI images (right) are shown. (a) Normal-looking ascus. (b) One-spored ascus. (c) Two-spored ascus. (d) Three-spored ascus. (e) Two-spored ascus whose two spores contain twice their share of DNA and SPBs. (f) Two-spored ascus containing two additional masses of DNA that are not encapsulated. (B) Distribution of categories of asci. Asci generated from the indicated genotypes in a h90 (homothallic) background were scored by light microscopy. Schematic representations of each category are shown to the right of the graph. Two hundred asci per genotype were counted in each experiment. Data represent the average of five experiments. Note that we underestimate the percentage of abnormal asci, as asci that fail to produce spores cannot be distinguished from zygotes and were therefore excluded from our analysis. Error bars indicate standard deviations. (C) Bouquet-defective meiosis yields reduced meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination frequencies between five markers on chromosome II were measured by tetrad disection. Values for genetic distance above 50 cM (gray bar) cannot be distinguished with confidence. Further details are shown in Table S2. Cell 2007 130, 113-126DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.024) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 taz1Δlig4Δ Zygotes Show Aberrant Meiotic SPB Behavior and Chromosome Missegregation (A–C) Series of frames from films of meiosis. The SPB and chromosomes were observed via endogenously tagged Pcp1-GFP and Hht1-mRFP, respectively. Numbers below the slides represent minutes elapsed since filming began. Scale bars equal 5 μm. (A) WT meiosis. The stages of meiosis are indicated below the images. (B) Aberrant taz1Δlig4Δ meiosis in which chromosomes segregate only at meiosis II. At meiosis I, one of the divided SPBs is dysfunctional and dissociates from the nucleus. (C) In this example, the entire SPB dissociates from chromosomes after chromosome condensation. (D) Frequency of dysfunctional SPBs observed in Pcp1-GFP Hht1-mRFP zygotes of the indicated genotypes. Other observed phenotypes are summarized in Figure S3D. Cell 2007 130, 113-126DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.024) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Bouquet Mutants Show Defects in Meiotic Spindle Formation Frames from films of meiosis. Tubulin and chromosomes are observed via ectopically expressed GFP-Atb2 and endogenously tagged Hht1-mRFP, respectively. Numbers below the slides represent minutes since filming began. Spore formation was photographed approximately 12 hr after filming. Scale bars equal 5 μm. (A) Bipolar spindles are produced at both meiosis I and meiosis II in WT cells. (B) Monopolar spindle formation in meiosis I, along with defective chromosome segregation. (C) Monopolar spindle formation in meiosis I, followed by tri-polar spindle formation at meiosis II, yielding three aberrant spores in this taz1Δlig4Δ zygote. (D) A weak thin spindle has formed from the center of the chromosome mass in this taz1Δlig4Δ zygote. Chromosomes are fragmented and no spores are produced. (E) Example of rap1Δlig4Δ meiosis. A spindle forms without attached chromosomes, and a second spindle forms around one mass of chromosomes at meiosis II. The severely bent shape of the zygote shown is not uncommon in bouquet-defective mutants. (F) rec12Δ meiosis. The SPB and spindle behave as they do in WT, but the chromosomes segregate unequally, producing four aberrant spores. Cell 2007 130, 113-126DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.024) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 The Meiotic SPB Dissociates from the Nuclear Membrane in Bouquet-Deficient Strains Frames from films of meiosis. Tubulin, the SPB, and chromosomes were observed via ectopically expressed GFP-Atb2 (A–C) and endogenously tagged Sid4-mRFP and Hht1-CFP, respectively. Cut11, which localizes to the nuclear membrane and, during mitosis or meiosis, to the SPB, was tagged with GFP at its endogenous locus. Scale bars equal 5 μm. (A) The SPB associates with the nuclear membrane throughout meiosis in WT. Also see Movie S3. (B) bqt1Δ zygote in which the SPB detaches from the nuclear membrane and fragments into five foci. Also see Movie S4. (C) bqt1Δ zygote in which a SPB fragment dissociates from the nucleus. In this case, the spindle elongated as soon as it formed, effectively skipping metaphase. Also see Movie S5. (D) taz1Δlig4Δ zygote in which the Sid4 and Cut11 components of the SPB dissociate from the nucleus. Also see Movie S6. Cell 2007 130, 113-126DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.024) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Telomere Fireworks All the telomeres in the bouquet dissociate from the SPB simultaneously with SPB division in WT zygotes. Frames of films running from pre-meiosis I to anaphase I are shown. Three-dimensional data are deconvolved and reconstructed as a flattened image. Telomeres, centromeres, and SPBs are observed via endogenously tagged Taz1-GFP, Mis6-GFP, and Sad1-dsRed or Sid4-mRFP, respectively. Numbers below the frames represent minutes since filming began. Scale bars equal 5 μm. (A) Telomeres dissociate simultaneously with SPB division. (B) Centromeres do not reassociate with the SPB before its division. Cell 2007 130, 113-126DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.024) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Meiotic Spindle Formation Is Not Promoted by Telomere Proteins without Attached Telomeres (A and B) Taz1-A606V-GFP binds the meiotic SPB (Sid4-mRFP) in a Rap1-dependent manner. (A) Example of Taz1-A606V-GFP localization during meiotic prophase (see also Figure S7). Scale bar = 5 μm. (B) Graph showing the percentage of horsetail stage zygotes in which a Taz1-A606V-GFP focus associates with the SPB. (C and D) Taz1-GFP and Taz1-A606V-GFP behavior through meiosis. SPBs and chromosomes are observed via endogenously tagged Sid4-mRFP and Hht1-CFP, respectively. GFP fluorescence cannot be captured in isolation as the GFP filter captures CFP fluorescence as well. Cells containing Taz1-GFP without Hht1-CFP are shown in (A) and Figure S7. While Taz1-A606V-GFP localizes to the SPB during meiotic prophase, it fails to bind telomeric DNA and confers SPB defects similar to those of taz1Δlig4Δ strains. Scale bars equal 5 μm. (D) Frequency of dysfunctional SPBs observed via Sid4-mRFP and Hht1-CFP using strains shown in (C). Cell 2007 130, 113-126DOI: (10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.024) Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions