Warm Up The present progressive tense takes the form be + V ing. Winter 2012 Warm Up The present progressive tense takes the form be + V ing. The form of be is determined by the subject of the sentence. Examples: He is singing. She is listening. They are sleeping. I am going home.

Warm Up Let’s Review… Simple present vs. present progressive. The simple present tense indicates an action in the present time which is not finished. This can be a habitual action (something done regularly such as brushing your teeth every day) or a general truth. Some examples are: 1) a habitual action: I wash my car every Friday. 2) a general truth: The Rolling Stones play rock'n roll.

Present Progressive In English, the present progressive is used to indicate actions happening at the time of speaking, or right now. Jake is speaking to his mother right now. Please keep quiet. The baby is sleeping. The present progressive can also be used to indicate actions occurring over a period of time which includes the present. I'm taking five classes at the university. Grace is working at a chemical factory. What are you doing these days? The present progressive is sometimes used to indicate ongoing, developing, imminent or future actions. Ongoing

Winter 2012 Warm Up The simple present is often used to express habitual actions referring to no particular span of time, such as in He walks to school' The simple present is often employed in newspaper headlines instead of the present perfect: Examples: 1.Oldest man alive wins Olympic race 2.Stock markets crash 3.If he finds your sweets, he will eat them 4. It is used when a planned event is described along with a time in the future: 5. We leave for Berlin tomorrow at 1:00. 6.I love you. She needs us .I know that. 7.It can also be used when making a citation 8.The label says "External use only."

Winter 201 Warm Up Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do. Examples: I play tennis. She does not play tennis. Does he play tennis? The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. The train does not leave at 9 AM. When does the train usually leave? She always forgets her purse. He never forgets his wallet. Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.

Winter 2012 Simple Past Let’s move on… Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind. Examples I saw a movie yesterday. I didn't see a play yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. Last year, I didn't travel to Korea. She washed her car. He didn't wash his car.

Simple Past A Series of Completed Actions We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on. Examples: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00. Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

Simple Past The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc. Examples: 1.I lived in Brazil for two years. 2. Shauna studied Japanese for five years. 3. They sat at the beach all day. 4. They did not stay at the party the entire time. 5. We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

Simple Past Duration in Past Habits in the Past Examples: The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc. Examples: I studied French when I was a child. He played the violin. He didn't play the piano. Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? She worked at the movie theater after school. They never went to school, they always skipped class.

Past Facts or Generalizations The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to.“ Examples: She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing. He didn't like tomatoes before. Did you live in Texas when you were a kid? People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

Past Progressive Use of Past Progressive Winter 2012 Past Progressive Use of Past Progressive puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past Example: He was playing football. two actions happening at the same time (in the past) Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes. action going on at a certain time in the past Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang. Signal Words of Past Progressive when, while, as long as

Let’s review the basic structure: Winter 201 Let’s review the basic structure: Get ready… Write positive sentences in past progressive. 1. you / play / cards 2. Alice / walk / around the lake 3. Caron / listen / to the radio 4. we / read / a book about Australia 5. Linda / look for / her ring 6. Fiona and Sam / visit / the castle 7. Ben / wash / the car 8. Kim and I / wait / in the park 9. My sister / feed / the birds 10. Greg and Phil / count / their money

Present Perfect The present perfect is used when the time Winter 2012 Present Perfect The present perfect is used when the time period has not finished: Example: I have seen three movies this week. (This week has not finished yet.) The present perfect is often used when the time is not mentioned: Example: Gerry has failed his exam again.

Present Perfect The present perfect is often used when the time is recent: Ikuko has just arrived in Victoria The present perfect is often used with for and since. Greg has lived here for 20 years. Greg has lived here since 1978.

The Form of the Present Perfect Tense Directions: Put the verb in parentheses into the present perfect tense. Jack (be) my friend for over 20 years. We (know) each other since we were children. Recently, he and his family (move) to a house on the same street as me, and now our children play together almost every day. For the last ten years, Jack and I (play) for the same hockey team every Saturday. Jack is a better player than I am, but in the last few months he (have) some trouble with his left knee, and he (find) it hard to play a full game. He (see) the doctor several times about his knee, but the doctor doesn't know what is causing his pain. Jack (decide) to take a break from hockey for a while, so that his knee can recover. It's going to be lonely on the team without him!

Q1 - He bought the car after he'd got his new job. These actions happened at the same time He got the job first Q2 - He was going to bring the film in this afternoon, but forgot it in the end. He didn't bring the film even though he had planned to He didn't bring the film because he had no plan to Q3 - It was the first time she had tried a virtual reality game. The past perfect is used because it is the first of two past actions The past perfect is used because 'it was the first time' takes the past perfect Q4 - While I was coming to work this morning the shops weren't open. These two verbs describe a simultaneous event and state The first verb describes a long action and the second a short one

Q5-The bus drivers had been on strike for two weeks before they managed to reach an agreement with the management. The past perfect is stresses the length of the strike The past perfect shows that the problems were easily resolved Q6 - While you were studying at university, I was doing a proper job. These two actions were at the same time The studying was interrupted by doing the proper job Q7 - Had you ever worked so hard before you joined the bank? The past perfect is used to show that the person is still working hard The past perfect is used to emphasize the difference between the bank and work before joining it Q8 - I was having a bath when the dog and cat started fighting. The speaker was out of the bath when the fight happened The speaker was still in the bath when the fight happened Q9 - I'd been waiting for half an hour before the train finally arrived. The speaker was still waiting when the train arrived The speaker had given up waiting before the train arrived

Q10 - He got up and went to the shops. The two actions happened simultaneously They happened in sequence Q11 - I'd read it long before it became successful. The speaker hadn't finished reading it when it became successful The speaker had finished reading it when it became successful Q12 - Someone had already finished their work before I arrived. The past perfect is used to give show the difference in time between the two actions The past perfect is used to show that the speaker is negative about the person Q13 - I was going to go to the party. The speaker went to the party The speaker didn't go to the party

Time to Change… Let’s go to our books: Present Perfect Progressive

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