Essential Question: What are the lasting effects of genocide?

Genocide: An attempt to eliminate, in whole or in large part, a particular group of people (such as national, ethnic, racial, religious, social, or political groups). Mass Murder: The intentional killing of a large number of people who are either unwilling or unable to defend themselves. Ethnic Cleansing: The attempt to remove a particular group of people from a particular geographic area through the use of terror. Discrimination: Positive or negative behavior toward a particular group rules or laws directed against a group or its members; or practices that subordinate people of a particular group. positive behaviors, policies and practices that systematically advantage one group over another.

EXAMPLES: GENOCIDE Nazis: (1933-1945) Jews, Gypsies, gays & lesbians, communists, mentally ill Killed over 12 Million Turks: Armenians in WWI (1914-1918) Killed over 2 Million GENDERCIDE Infanticide and forced abortion of baby girls MASS MURDER Slave Trade (U.S. & many W. European countries): Between 1600-1850 Killed over 20 Million Turks Armenians, 1890s Killed 300-400,000 ETHNIC CLEANSING U.S. & Native Americans Pop. reduced from about 2 million to 500,000 over 300 years. -- mass murder, starvation, war, forced removals, disease Yugoslavia Serbs in Bosnia (1980s,1990s) -- terror, expulsion, and thousands found in mass graves DISCRIMINATION History of many non-Northern European groups in U.S. -- Irish, Italians, Germans, Eastern Europeans, Jews, African-Americans, Latinos, Asians, etc. Women around the world Hindu Caste system

Ethnic Cleansing Discrimination Geno- cide Mass murder 1. Genocide is a type of ethnic cleansing, mass murder, and discrimination. 2. Ethnic cleansing is a type of discrimination. 3. Mass murder can be used for genocide and ethnic cleansing, but can also occur for reasons other than genocide, ethnic cleansing, and discrimination. 4. There are many types of discrimination that have nothing to do with genocide, ethnic cleansing, or mass murder.

Mass Murder and Genocide in the 20th Century from R. J Mass Murder and Genocide in the 20th Century from R. J. Rummel, http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills TOTALITARIAN REGIMES USSR, 1917-1987 62,000,000 Chinese Communists, 1923-1987 39,000,000 Nazi Germany, 1933-1945 21,000,000 AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES Chinese Nationalists, 1928-1949 10,000,000 Japan, 1936-1945 6,000,000 Turkey, 1909-1923 2,600,000 Cambodia, 1975-1980 2,000,000 Note: These numbers are best guesstimates. In most cases, because of denials, secrecy, and coverups, it is impossible to know the exact number with precision.

Mass Killing is Common in Africa Congo 4 million deaths since 1998, prompted by endless fighting between armed gangs/warlords. Sudan (Darfur) 800,000 dead since 2002, in tribal/religious warfare/genocide Uganda Idi Amin (dictator) killed 400,000 of his own people in the 1970s and 1980s. (Video: Last King of Scotland) Since 2002, another 100,000 dead from rebellion in North. Nigerian Civil War (1970s) 400,000 dead Rwanda (1990s) 800,000 dead (about half from govt-sponsored genocide) (Video: Hotel Rwanda)

Civilian Deaths in the Modern Middle East, Since 1975 Authoritarian Regimes: Ethiopia: 800,000 (“class enemies,” Eritrean war) Iraq: 100,000 (Kurds, Shi’ites, Kuwaitis) Iran: 60,000 (Kurds, Bahai, Monarchists) Sudan: 2,000,000 (Darfur, Africans, Christians) Syria: 21,000 Kurds, Sunnis Democracy: Israel: 15,000+ (Palestinians, Lebanese) Sources: http://genocidewatch.org/aboutgenocide/genpolmmchart.htm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3694350.stm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War#Casualties