The articular system.

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Presentation transcript:

The articular system

Body Joint Charades - movement, bones, joint Swing a baseball bat Throw a football Dribble a basketball Do jumping jacks Kick a soccer ball Do push-ups Do “The Robot” Wave goodbye Hop on one leg Jump with a jump rope

Learning goals I will be able to identify the role joints play in the human body. I will be able to identify the different types of joints. I will be able to identify common joint injuries.

joints an area or junction where two or more bones meet or articulate. provide bones with a means of movement have strands of connective tissue (ligaments) that hold the bones together and ensure the stability of joints, keeping bone in place

Three structural joint classifications … Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

fibrous joint Some joints are fused together to form immovable joints. These joints articulate and form sutures.

Cartilaginous joint Joints are attached by cartilage and allow limited movement. The spine and ribs are two examples.

Synovial joint Most bones articulate at a variety of moveable joints. Lubricating fluid and cartilage allow for a lot of movement The human body contains more than 230 moveable or semi-moveable joints.

Make up of Synovial joint ARTICULATING CARTILAGE - protects the ends of the 2 bones involved & allows for smooth movement JOINT CAPSULE - fibrous structure that keeps synovial fluid from leaking SYNOVIAL FLUID - lubricates the joint BURSAE - small, fluid-filled sacs located at friction points btw. bones or btw. bones and ligaments LIGAMENTS - tough bands of elastic tissue that reinforce the joint

Types of synovial joints There are 6 we will look at in order from least to most permitted movement: Plane Hinge Pivot Ellipsoid Saddle Ball and socket

1. Plane (gliding) connect bones that glide over one-another in straight line e.g. carpals, tarsals allows limited movement in sagittal (f/e) & frontal (ab/ad)

2. hinge one bone fits into a groove in the other most common e.g. elbow, knee allows movement in sagittal (f/e)

3. pivot one bone rotates around another e.g. ulnar-radial joint, atlas-axis allows movement in transverse (sup/pro, med/lat rotation)

4. ellipsoid one bone is convex, the other is concave (but not too deep) e.g. knuckle allows movement in sagittal (f/e) & frontal (ab/ad)

5. saddle one bone “rides” the other e.g. carpo-metacarpal in thumb allows movement in sagittal (f/e) & frontal (ab/ad), BUT not circumduction

6. Ball & socket ‘ball’ of one bone fits into ‘socket’ of other e.g. hip, shoulder allows movement in all 3 planes (i.e., circumduction)

Learning goals I will be able to identify the role joints play in the human body. I will be able to identify the different types of joints. I will be able to identify common joint injuries.