Advanced Computer Networks

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Presentation transcript:

Advanced Computer Networks CS716 Advanced Computer Networks By Dr. Amir Qayyum 1

Lecture No. 18

Internet Protocol (IP) Network protocol for the Internet Operates on all hosts and routers (routers connect distinct networks into the Internet) FTP HTTP NV TFTP TCP UDP IP … FDDI Ethernet ATM

Internetwork Concatenation of networks Protocol stack Network 1 H6 H7 H1 R3 Network 1 Ethernet Network 3 FDDI Network 4 Ethernet R1 Network 2 Point -to- point R2 H5 H8 H2 H3 H4 H1 H8 TCP R1 R2 R3 TCP IP IP IP IP IP ETH ETH PPP PPP FDDI FDDI ETH ETH

IP Addresses More recent classes Network Host 7 bits (126 nets) 24 bits (16 million hosts) Class A: 14 bits (16k nets) 16 bits (64K hosts) 1 Class B: 21 bits (2 million nets) 8 bits (256) Class C: 18.10.5.22 host in class A network (MIT) 130.126.143.254 host in class B network (UIUC) 192.12.70.111 host in class C network More recent classes Multicast (class D): starts with 1110 Future expansions (class E): starts with 1111

Datagram Format 4-bit version (4 for IPv4, 6 for IPv6) HLen TOS Length Ident Flags Offset TTL Protocol Checksum SourceAddr DestinationAddr Options (variable) Pad (variable) 4 8 16 19 31 Data 4-bit version (4 for IPv4, 6 for IPv6) 4-bit header length (in words, minimum of 5) 8-bit type of service (TOS); more or less unused 16-bit datagram length (in bytes) 8-bit protocol (e.g., TCP=6 or UDP=17)

Datagram Format Fragmentation support V ersion HLen TOS Length Ident Flags Offset TTL Protocol Checksum SourceAddr DestinationAddr Options (variable) Pad (variable) 4 8 16 19 31 Data Fragmentation support 16-bit packet ID (identifies packet fragments) 3-bit flags; one bit marks last fragment 13-bit fragment offset into packet (in 8-byte words) 8-bit “time-to-live” (TTL); a hop count until forced destruction of packet

Datagram Format 16-bit IP checksum on header 32-bit source IP address 32-bit destination IP address Options and padding (variable length) Source-based routing (typically disabled) Record route Several others V ersion HLen TOS Length Ident Flags Offset TTL Protocol Checksum SourceAddr DestinationAddr Options (variable) Pad (variable) 4 8 16 19 31 Data

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