Chapter 11
Election of 1800: rematch b/w Adams and Jefferson Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans John Adams- ridiculed for prepping for war w/ France Thomas Jefferson- attacked for Sally Hemmings and not being very religious
Thomas Jefferson Wins 73 to 65 3/5ths Compromise Actually tied w/ Aaron Burr- tie broken by House
Revolution of 1800 Jefferson: restore republican government, check government power Historians: peaceful transfer of power from one party to another
Thomas Jefferson as President Humble Casual Simple/frugal Didn’t seat by rank No political patronage
Jefferson vs. Federalist policy Alien Acts expired Pardoned Sedition Act violators Reduces naturalization requirement from 14 to 5 years Got rid of excise tax (whiskey) Nothing else really
Judiciary Act of 1801 Passed by the Federalists Created 16 new federal judgeships Adams and “midnight judges”
John Marshall Chief Justice of Supreme Court Appointed by Adams 30 days under Federalists, 34 years under other partied
Marbury vs. Madison- 1803 William Marbury- one of the midnight appointees Commission held by James Madison- new Secretary of State Marbury sues Madison
Marshall rules Against Marbury Said that the Judicial Act of 1801 was unconstitutional so it couldn’t be upheld in court JUDICIAL REVIEW!!!!!
Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior Reduced military to about 2500 Didn’t want to invest in army or navy North African Barbary Pirates
1801 America had started paying bribe in 1798 Jefferson not happy Tripoli declared war against US
Tripolitan War “to the shores of Tripoli” America “wins”, paid $60,000 ransom Invested money in small gunboats
Louisiana probs 1800- Napoleon got Louisiana territory back from France (secret treaty) 1802- America’s right of deposit withdrawn (Pinckney’s Treaty) Problem for US
1803 Jefferson sent James Monroe and Robert Livingston to negotiate with Napoleon Instructed to buy New Orleans and as much land east as possible for a max of $10 million
Meanwhile, Napoleon ready to sell 1. Haitian Revolution 2. needed money for war with Britain
April 30, 1803 Monroe and Livingston bought all of the territory for $15 million “greatest real estate deal in history, 820,000 square miles for about 3 cents an acre”
Controversial Strict vs. loose constructionists Jefferson really upset
Louisiana Purchase Precedent for future expansion Isolationists principles
Exploration Lewis and Clark Sacajawea Zebulon Pike
Aaron Burr’s Conspiracies Jefferson’s original VP Dropped for 2nd term Conspires w/ Federalists Hamilton exposes the plot
Duel Burr angry at Hamilton Hamilton accepts Shows up but doesn’t shoot, killed
1804 Jefferson re-elected
France vs. Britain (again) Napoleon revives war with France Orders in Council (1806) Impressment Chesapeake Affair
America demands respect! Embargo Act- 1807 “dambargo” lol
1809 Congress repeals Embargo Act Non-Intercourse Act- America allowed to trade with everyone accept Britain and France
1808 James Madison
Macon’s Bill No. 2 Reopened commercial trade with the world
Domestic Problems War hawks in Congress Trans-Allegheny wilderness conflicts between Americans and Indians
Tecumseh and the Prophet
Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison led troops Defeated Indians Drove Tecumseh to ally with British
June 1, 1812 Madison asked Congress to declare war against Britain Start of the War of 1812