CHEMISTRY AND TYPES OF SHAMPOO Prepared By Hemn K.Qadir Hawler Medical University College of Pharmacy MSc. Student

Any of various liquid or cream preparations of soap or detergent used to wash the hair and scalp. Cleans the scalp and hair shining Removes all external junk without adversely affecting scalp and hair. Introduction… Why using shampoo? What's Shampoo? Terminology The word shampoo entered the English language from the Indian Hindi chāmpo ( चाँपो ), means massage

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HAIR Composed of a protein called KERATIN 90% protein – made up of long chains of amino acids which in turn are made of elements COHNS elements are the 5 elements that make up human hair and are found in the skin and nails CARBON, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR and HYDROGEN Introduction…

Shampoos and Hair type Introduction… The first and most obvious thing to consider when buying Shampoo is your hair type. Your hair type will usually fall into one of three categories: 1.Dry, normal, or greasy. Or 2.Combination of types depending on the weather. 3.Colored or heat damaged hair.(treated) Whatever your hair type, there is a shampoo to cater for it.

Component Chemistry of Shampoos Water 60-80% The main ingredient Purified or distilled or deionized First ingredient usually on product labels because of largest % of remaining ingredients

Surfactant Molecule 10-30% Surfactant & detergent are synonymous Meaning “surface active” agent Hydrophilic end (water-hating) ends dissolve in the oily dirt droplets “head” Lipophilic end(water-loving) heads which are negatively-charged “tail”

A typical shampoo formulation Surfactant(Detergent) : 10-30% Thickening agent : 2-5% Clarifying agent: 5-15% Protein : 0-3% Water : 60-80% Perfume : trace Colorant : trace

A push pull action is caused by a surface active agent causing the oil to “roll up” into droplets that are lifted and rinsed away. More than 75% remove by water Remove by surfactant(shampoo) How Shampoo Works?

Types of Shampoo Acid-balanced pH is typically averaged to 4.5 By adding citric, lactic or phosphoric acid to any shampoo, Use only for greasy hair

Types of Shampoo Conditioning (Moisturizing shampoos) designed to make hair smooth & shiny, improve manageability & avoid damage to dry and treated hair. Protein & biotin are agents that restore moisture & elasticity, strengthen hair shaft & add volume.

Types of Shampoo Medicated Reduce dandruff or relieve scalp conditions(ex:2% Zinc Pyrithione) Require a prescription

Types of Shampoo Clarifying - Contain acidic ingredient like cider vinegar to cut through product buildup (very acid) -Increase shine -Only use as needed (extra oily hair) or (to remove hair dye) or ( remove wavy (Nigro) hair)

Balancing shampoo Use for normal hair type Types of Shampoo

Dry or powder shampoo Used when client’s health prevents a wet shampoo Cleanses without soap & water Powder picks up dirt & oils as you brush or comb through hair Types of Shampoo

Color-enhancing The shampoo surfactant is combined with basic dyes Used to brighten, to add some slight color & eliminate unwanted color tones Types of Shampoo

-BABY SHAMPOO pH adjusted at 5.5 with ( No more tears ) minimum surfactant Types of Shampoo لادموع بعد اليوم؟

For hairpieces & wigs -Very dilute solution of Carbon tetrachloride -No harsh shampoos

Special types of shampoo Premium Products - Contain potassium instead of sodium in the chemical part of Surfactant. - Stars Shampoo (high prices). 140 $ 60 $ 300 $

Summary Don't use any shampoos until you know your hair type. The shampoo is used by applying it to wet hair. Don't use shampoo for more than one or twice a week.

References: work/ 1.Balsam, S.M., Gershon, S.D., Rieger, M.M., Sagarin, E., and Strianse, S.J.: COSMETICS– Science and Technology, 2nd edition, Vol ‐ 2, John Wiley India, New Delhi, Barel, A.O., Paye, M., and Maibach, H.I.: Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, 3rd Edition, Informa Healthcare, New York S.pdf

The difference between me and my wife just this soap

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periodic table by size

25 Electronmicrograph showing new hairs emerging from the hair follicles of the scalp Na K