20th Century China

Puyi: the Last Emperor

1911: Fall of Imperial Rule

Revolution Civil War Invasion World War China in the 20th Century Revolution Civil War Invasion World War

Sun Yixian (Sun Yat Sen) and the Republic of China The “Father of the Nation”

China in World War I China sides with the Allies

Japan was a growing power. China was not Really big Japanese Navy

May Fourth Movement (New Culture Movement) Student demonstrations against terms of Treaty of Versailles (1919) Chinese territory given to Japan Nationalist movement A humiliation for China

May Fourth Movement (1919) Students want a modern and united China

Modern China: Two Views 1. Nationalist Party (a.ka. Kuomintang, guomingang, GMD ) Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi) seeks to unify China under a free-market/capitalist system. Strong appeal to educated, business, and middle classes gu

Modern China: Two Views 2. Chinese communists seek to unify China under a communist system No private ownership of businesses or land: “the people” (government) control(s) all means of production. Strong appeal to peasant class

1920s: The Warlord Era Disunity Lack of economic development Exploitation by foreign nations

Very Weak Central Government Warlords dominate China

Unification of China 1926: Nationalists and Communists unite March against warlords in the “Northern Expedition”

Shanghai Massacre Nationalists attempt to exterminate the Communists

Civil War Chiang Kai Shek and Nationalists turn on the Chinese Communists