Shared Culture Both were independent city-states Both speak Greek/used Greek alphabet Participated in ancient Olympics Worshiped same gods Enemies of the Persian Empire

Government Direct Democracy - “the people rule” Male citizens could vote for laws, elect officials, be elected to office, and serve on a jury About 20% of population were citizens

Military Maintained an army and a navy Military was not a priority Strongest navy in Greece Allowed them to control nearby seas

Education Only wealthy families sent sons to school Boys received a well- rounded education Classes in logic, public speaking, and philosophy 2 years of military training at 18

Economy Based on trade Goods bought and sold at a huge agora (market) Developed its own coin

Culture Valued art, beauty, and the free exchange of ideas Architecture, sculpture, paintings, poetry, theater Physical fitness and beauty very important

Women Girls received little to no education Most learned household crafts (weaving/sewing) Arranged marriages at young age Few rights, must obey husbands/fathers Could only leave the house on special occasions

Slaves Born slaves or captured in war Performed a variety of jobs Some were highly skilled Sometimes worked in silver mines

This is SPARTA!!!

Government Oligarchy – “rule of the few” Included parts of oligarchy, monarchy, and democracy Ruled by two hereditary kings Elected officials ran day-to- day activities Didn’t allow Spartans to travel Usually didn’t allow visitors

Military Society dominated by the military First priority of citizens was to be a good soldier All men served until they were 60 Most disciplined, well- trained, and feared military force in the world

Education Weak babies left outside to die/be eaten Boys sent to military school at 7 Toughened by strict diet, hard exercise, and rigid discipline Encouraged to steal/punished if caught Fitness test at 20 determined if they could be soldiers Couldn’t marry/live at home until 30

Economy Relied on farming and conquering other people Discouraged trade (feared new ideas) Used iron bars instead of coins Bars too heavy to steal but not desired by other city- states

Culture Completely centered around war No great feats of art/literature Did not care about “wimpy” things

Women Enjoyed more freedom than other Greek women Expected to produce healthy sons Girls trained in sports like running, wrestling, and javelin throw Wives stayed home while husbands live in barracks Could own property and go anywhere they wanted

Slaves Conquered neighbors became helots (slaves) Outnumbered Spartan citizens and always ready to rebel Treated harshly Some rights Marry freely Sell surplus crops Buy their freedom

Ancient Greek Wife Swap

Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) Sparta invaded Athens Sparta stronger army, Athens stronger navy Sparta and allies block Athens’ food supply Athens surrenders All Greek city-states were weakened by this war

Journal Entry In your opinion, which society did women fair better in? Explain your answer with at least two reasons.