New England (Northern) Colonies

New England Colonies Geography: rocky soil, small amounts of land *Subsistence farming: farming for yourself and family to eat. Not to sell! *Climate: COLD!!!! Long harsh winters Economy: Fishing, lumber, ship building, trade, whaling

Important Graph Facts: Massachusetts Key Map Info: Founded in: 1620 Founded by: John Winthrop Founded for: Religious freedom (to escape religious persecution) Short Clip Important Graph Facts: Religion: Puritan: very strict way of life. Several people got mad and left or were kicked out. Political: Mayflower Compact; social contract signed before Pilgrims got off boat. *It established self- government. Geography: Boston, Massachusetts became a major *port city

Important Graph Facts: Connecticut Key Map Info: Founded in: 1635 Founded by: Thomas Hooker Founded for: Religious freedom (Didn’t like way of life in Massachusetts) Important Graph Facts: Political: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut;*First written constitution in America. Thomas Hooker

Thomas Hooker Thomas Hooker was born and raised in England. After receiving degrees from Cambridge he became a preacher. Because his beliefs and sermons clashed with the established Church of England, he was eventually forced to leave England. He lived in Massachusetts and later founded the colony of Connecticut where he established a highly successful church. He aided in the adoption of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639. Believing in the principle of equality for all mankind, Hooker is sometimes called “the father of American democracy.” Hooker advanced a more democratic view, favoring the vote for all men, regardless of any religious or property qualifications.

Rhode Island Key Map Info: Founded in: 1636 Founded by: Roger Williams Founded for: Religious freedom (Didn’t like way of life in Massachusetts) *First place in America where people could worship freely.

New Hampshire Key Map Info: Founded in: 1630 Founded by: John Mason Founded for: Religious freedom

PEGS Political Economic Geographic Social -Mayflower Compact -Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1st written Constitution) -Thomas Hooker: “The Father of American democracy” -Fishing, Shipbuilding and trade were the main ways New Englanders made money, whaling -Cold climate -Rocky soil -Small area of land -Subsistence farming -All 4 New England Colonies were founded for Religious reasons

The Middle Colonies

The Middle Colonies Geography: Lots of land, fertile soil *Climate: mild climate Economy: small-scale farming, mining, lumber * Crops: Wheat, Oats, and Grains (aka The Bread Basket Colonies)

Important Graph Facts: New York Key Map Info: Founded in: 1624 Founded by: the Dutch *English took over in 1624 Founded for: Economic Reasons Important Graph Facts: Geography: Excellent natural harbors- England took over the colony for the good harbor Economy: Profitable trade

Important Graph Facts: New Jersey Key Map Info: Founded in: 1660 Founded by: Lord Berkeley Founded for: Economic Reasons Important Graph Facts: Geography: No natural harbors – trade wasn’t good Social: Offered free land to attract settlers

Important Graph Facts: Pennsylvania Key Map Info: Founded in: 1682 Founded by: William Penn Founded for: Religious Freedom Important Graph Facts: Religion: Quakers-peace loving people. Social: Quakers didn’t believe in war or slavery. Supported women’s rights. Practiced religious toleration

William Penn William Penn was born in 1644 in London, England. He obtained a land grant in North America from King Charles III in 1681. He was a Quaker and established a colony in America called Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was a haven for Quakers and welcomed people of diverse backgrounds to the colony. He insisted that women deserve equal rights with men. He implemented democratic principles through his Frames of Government. Penn gave Pennsylvania a written constitution which limited the power of government, provided a humane penal code, and guaranteed many fundamental liberties.

Delaware Key Map Info: Founded in: 1638 Founded by: Peter Minuit (Swedish settlers) Founded for: Economic Reasons

PEGS Political Economic Geographic Social -New York was taken from the Dutch by England -Quakers were supportive of equal rights -William Penn established a Constitution granted basic fundamental rights. -Most middle colonies were founded for economic reasons -New York’s natural harbor made a lot of money in trading -Mild climate -Fertile Soil for cash crops such as wheat, oats, and grains. -Bread Basket colonies -Pennsylvania was the only Middle colony founded for religious reasons -Quakers rejected slavery and wanted equal treatment for women

Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies Geography: Lots of good flat farm land, very fertile soil *Climate: HOT! Long Spring/Summer and short mild winters Economy: AGRICULTURE! AGRICULTURE! AGRICULTURE! *Cash Crops: Rice, Cotton, and TOBACCO

Important Graph facts: Maryland Key Map Info: Founded in: 1634 Founded by: Cecil Calvert Founded as a safe place for Catholics Important Graph facts: Founded for religious reasons Social: The *Maryland Act of Toleration opened settlement of Maryland to all religions.

Important Graph Facts: Virginia Key Map Info: Founded in: 1607 Founded by: Virginia Company Founded for: Economic Reasons Important Graph Facts: Geography: First colony = Jamestown, Virginia Lots of disease from mosquitoes. Economy: Cash crop of tobacco saved the colony of Virginia Social: Dependent on slave labor Political: Virginia House of Burgesses: First representative government

Important Graph facts: North Carolina Key Map Info: Founded in: 1653 Founded by: Group of Aristocrats Founded for: Economic Reasons Important Graph facts: Social: Settled by Virginia’s backcountry.

Important Graph Facts: South Carolina Key Map Info: Founded in: 1670 Founded by: Group of Aristocrats Founded for: Economic Reasons Important Graph Facts: Economy: Rice and indigo were HUGE cash crops! More profitable than North Carolina Social: Depended on slave labor Geography: Charlestown (Charleston), South Carolina became a major port city

Important Graph Facts: Georgia Key Map Info: Founded in: 1733 Founded by: James Oglethorpe Founded for: Protection from Spanish (Florida) Place for debtors/criminals Important Graph Facts: Social: Last colony to be founded for English debtors and criminals Geography: Bordered by Spanish Florida

Labor The crops grown in the Southern colonies were very labor intensive. Because of labor shortages throughout the colonies, the Southern colonies relied on slave labor Slaves came to the colonies on the Middle Passage- the part of Triangular Trade from Africa to the America’s. It was considered the most inhumane part of Triangular Trade

PEGS Political Economic Geographic Social -Georgia was founded to protect the other 12 colonies from Spanish Florida -Virginia House of Burgesses (1st elected legislative assembly) -Almost all Southern Colonies were founded for economic reasons -Cash crops such as rice, indigo, and tobacco -Warm climate -Large tracts of land -Very fertile soil -Long growing season -Maryland was founded for religious reasons as a safe haven for Catholics -Georgia was also founded as a place for debtors and the poor to start over