Warm-up: After you read November 15th, 2012 Warm-up: After you read *Describe the different kinds of reforms introduced during the progressive era *Give examples of progressive reform at the urban, state, and federal levels *Explain how progressives found unlikely allies in political machines Notes: 13.2 Progressivism: Its Legislative Impact Reading: All 3 levels Game: C, F, S Homework: 13.2 quiz and guided reading, permission slip

Progressivism: It’s Legislative Impact 13.2 Progressivism: It’s Legislative Impact

Urban Reform: City Level Most reform began in the cities Easier to change: less complicated People ready to change: settlement workers, club members, professionals, business leaders Reform Political Bosses People were sick of political machines, so some people ran against the powerful ones with support from municipal reformers and settlement workers Often times these political machines worked with reformers so they could be reelected and took over their platforms Other good things: registered voters, improved city services, established public health programs, and enforced tenement codes (apartments)

Cities continued Utilities Push for city owned utilities rather than the monopolies Water, gas, electricity Wanted to make these services more affordable Welfare services City-supported welfare services Public baths, parks, work-relief, playgrounds, free kindergartens, and lodging house of homeless

State Level *Many governors championed state labor and factory legislation, and wanted to make government more efficient and responsive to voters Direct Primary: election in which voters cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections-replaced the handpicking of candidates by party leaders Workplace reform Labor departments were established to provide information and dispute resolution services to both sides Developed worker’s accident insurance and compensations Muller v. Oregon - women laundry workers 10 hours a day Many states enacted child labor laws forbidding the employment of those under 14

Problems with Protective Legislation Called the Paradox of Protective Legislation Positive and negative results: Positive: Women were protected with legislation Children were protected with legislation Negative: Men replaced women in the factories Could work longer and cheaper Many believed that the laws protecting women would eventually break down the opposition and other laws for other groups would follow

Federal Level Progressivism appeared at the federal level in labor and industrial relations, in regulation of business and commerce, in the preservation of the environment, and in social legislation SQUARE DEAL Square deal originally came about with the mine strikes-TR insisted both sides use arbitration (a process in which an impartial third party decides on a legally binding solution) Interstate Commerce Commission: regulated rates Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act: Required accurate labeling of ingredients, strict sanitary conditions, and a rating system for meats

Federal Level Anti-trust Activism: Government filed 42 antitrust actions, and won many of them Environment: Saved much land for preservation and national forests, TR set aside 200 million acres for national forests, mineral reserves and water projects. Social Legislation: *Most social legislation took place at the state level-but federal social legislation also occurred such as: Children’s Bureau within the Department of Labor Women’s Bureau

Federal Continued National Prohibition: Not all supported prohibition, but many did (protect society from poverty and violence associated with drinking) Women supported prohibition so many disagreed with women’s suffrage in return Eventually the 18th Amendment was passed in 1913 (repealed in 1933) illegal to make, sell or import liquor

GAME TIME Group up into units of 4 Each group should have 3 posters: C, S, F These posters represent city reform, state reform, and federal reform I will read you a reform, your group must correctly identify the level at which the reform took place by quietly discussing the reform and holding up your sign. The first group to correctly identify the reform will earn one point.