Impact Measurement Approaches and Methodologies: Action Research Rowan Popplewell, INTRAC Application: Research, individual & organisational learning, monitoring and evaluation, impact evaluation Approach: A broad family that share similar characteristics (values based, action oriented and participatory) and methodological process (the Action Research Cycle) Advantages: Participatory Downward accountability Organisational learning and reflexivity Understanding of local contexts Generates evidence and theory whilst improving intervention Planning action Taking action Evaluating action Challenges: Ensuring meaningful participation in practice Criticised for lacking objectivity, validity and generalizability