The Reforming Spirit

The Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening stresses over . were huge outdoor meetings meant to encourage people to their lives. was a powerful speaker who taught that individual salvation was the first step to free will predestination Revivals reform Charles Finney “the complete reformation of the whole world.”

The Second Great Awakening Why might a belief in free will inspire a spirit of reform?

Hospital and Prison Reform Dorothea Dix In 1841, visited a women’s prison near Boston. Many of the “prisoners” were not criminals but They were kept in dark, unheated cells. 5 out of 6 people in northern jails were They had no way of paying back there debts while in jail, therefore they remained in prison for years. Dix called for changes in how these people were treated, and as a result, debtors were no longer treated like and the mentally ill were treated as instead of criminals. mentally ill. debtors. criminals patients

Hospital and Prison Reform Why did Dorothea Dix seek to reform how the mentally ill and prisoners were treated?

Temperance Movement Alcohol abuse was rampant in the early 1800’s. Men, women, and even children would drink heavily at various events. Alcohol abuse often led to , , and took the leading role in the , which was a campaign against alcohol abuse. Some temperance groups tried to get people to , while some sought to ban altogether. wife beatings child abuse the breakup of families. Women Temperance Movement alcohol drink less

Temperance Movement According to the artist, what will alcohol abuse lead to?

Education Reform and New York State took the lead in reforming public education. New York set up school districts. Mann was head of the board of education in . Under him, the state built , , and raised Horace Mann tax-supported Massachusetts new schools extended the school year teacher’s pay.

Education Reform Despite having few opportunities to attend school, would open their own schools in the . was Quaker who opened a school for African-American girls. However, the school was by a mob eventually. People with began getting their own schools when schools for the and were opened in 1817 and 1832. African-Americans North Prudence Crandall destroyed disabilities deaf blind

Education Reform What do you feel were the most important reforms in education?

The Reforming Age "Matchbooks" On the outside: the name of the reform movement and a colorful picture or symbol On the inside: Leaders and Groups involved, Reasons for the reform movement, Success and Failures of Movement The following reform movements must be covered in your Matchbooks: Second Great Awakening Prison & Hospital Reform Temperance Movement Education Reform