Warm-Up Wed 3/30 Get out notebook paper for notes  Title: Progressivism & Discrimination Reminder: Unit 8 GPERSIA is due this Friday! Unit 8 People ID is due on Tuesday. PreAP Reminder: You will have homework this weekend/Monday. Don’t put everything until the last minute. OL Reminder: DWR Reading Check 2 is Friday over Ch 5-9

Progressivism & Discrimination Essential Question: Describe and compare the impact of the Progressive and other reform movements in Texas in the 19th and 20th centuries such as Populists, women’s suffrage, agrarian groups, labor unions, and the evangelical movement

Progressivism The attempts of reformers to solve political, economic, and social problems became known as the Progressive Movement

Reform: City Government After the storm of 1900, Galveston moved from a government with a mayor and a city council to a commission form of government Five commissioners made the city laws, and each member was in charge of a city department, such as police, fire, or water. Many Texas cities soon adopted this form of government, as did cities across the nation.

Reform: Political Terrell Election Law: Required major political parties to hold primary elections to select the party’s official candidates Called for secret ballots Restricted campaigning near polling booths

Reform: Education At this point most schools had 1 teacher who taught all grades Passed a law that let areas form school districts made up of multiple schools with different grade levels, subjects, and teachers Passed a law requiring children to attend school Result: Texas had the longest school year and highest literacy rate in the South

Reform: Business Business: Late 1800s: People were calling for regulation of businesses due to trusts and monopolies 1900s: Positive economic impact convinces people the government should not intervene in businesses

Arguments for Women’s Suffrage If a woman could be held legally responsible for her actions, she should be able to vote. If women had the right to vote: they would be more effective in their traditional roles they could vote for better schools, more playgrounds, safer parks, and improved public health

Arguments against Women’s Suffrage Women had no need to vote Men represent and protect women’s rights Women involved in politics would neglect their homes and children

Women Gain the Right to Vote In 1918, Texas women made a deal with the new governor, William P. Hobby. They promised to support him in his election if he would sign a bill allowing women to vote in primaries. Hobby agreed, women voted for the first time, and he won by a landslide. In 1920, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted full voting rights to women. Gov. William P. Hobby

Arguments for Prohibition Alcohol was at the center of many social problems Saloons were associated with gambling and crime Men would spend their money on alcohol, leaving their family without money to live Supported by WCTU, Anti- Saloon League, and various church groups

Groups that opposed Prohibition The brewing industry and saloons Conservatives who opposed a strong federal government Many immigrants from Italy and Germany

Prohibition Laws In 1918, Texas approved a statewide prohibition law making it illegal to make and sell alcohol in Texas. In 1919 the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution made prohibition the law of the land. The 18th Amendment was an unpopular law and it was eventually repealed in 1933.

Discrimination: African Americans Jim Crow Laws: Minorities had inadequate housing and segregated schools lacking basic equipment/supplies Ku Klux Klan was a politically powerful group Democratic Party requires payment of a poll tax and adopts a “whites only” restriction for the primary election

Discrimination: African Americans Resisting discrimination: NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) worked for racial equality

Discrimination: Mexican Americans Facing the same discrimination as African Americans! Many Mexicans migrating to Texas due to Mexican Revolution/fleeing their government Americans were afraid of these refugees and often became violent Reports of Texas Ranger abuse Form mutualistas: mutual aid groups of Tejanos that helped each other out