Open your textbook and read the Agriculture intro from pg Open your textbook and read the Agriculture intro from pg. 326-328 On your paper you’re using for today’s notes, write down 2 questions you have about the food you eat.

Agriculture Key Issue 1 Location of agricultural hearths Classifying agricultural regions Use of machines

Agriculture: Deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain. Began when humans domesticated animals and plants for their use. Crop: any plant cultivated by people Cultivate means “to care for”

Hunters and Gatherers: Today: 250,000 still survive using this method…extremely isolated, on the periphery: Arctic, interiors of Africa, Australia, and South America Food for survival from hunting and gathering plants. (Paleolithic Era) Small groups of 50 people, collected daily men > hunt …women > gathered…evolution of our bodies??? Migrated frequently Conflict with other groups’ territory kept people apart…sound familiar? Bushmen of Namibia >> Click languages!!! http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2965401/Fearless-hunters-ancient-tribe-use-bow-arrows-yards-wild-cheetahs-tune-animals-mutual-respect.html

Invention of Agriculture: As we watch this, write down a few points that backs up the argument… “Agriculture is the beginning of civilization and warfare.” http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-farming

Two Types of Cultivation: Vegetative Planting Vegetative Planting is the reproduction of plants using existing plants, such as cutting stems or dividing roots.

Seed Agriculture Seed Agriculture: reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization. Most commonly practiced today

Carl Sauer and Agricultural Hearths Saur claimed vegetative planting happened first, and then seed agriculture. In your notes: Divide your paper into a T-chart. Write Vegetative Planting on one side, and Seed Agriculture on the other. Read pg. 329-330 about each and look at the maps at the top of pages 330 and 331. Take notes on both sides. Identify the hearth areas and explain how each type diffused. Add these annotations and arrows of diffusion to your map Carl Ortwin Sauer (December 24, 1889 – July 18, 1975) was an American geographer and professor  at the University of California at Berkeley.

Agricultural Revolutions 1st Agricultural Revolution (10,000BCE to 2000BCE) Neolithic Revolution Knowledge of seeds and animal domestication Diffusion of agriculture 2nd Agricultural Revolution (17th to 19th century) Coincides with the Industrial Revolution Use of machines and steam technology. Mass production begins. 3rd Agricultural Revolution (1960’s to now) Use of science!!! Green Revolution Pesticides, herbicides Fertilizer Hybrids

Agricultural Revolutions Primary effects: Secondary effects: Urbanization Social stratification (?) Occupational specialization Increased population densities Secondary effects: Endemic diseases (?) Famine

Origins of Agriculture Which of these areas are considered cultural hearths?

Classifying Agricultural Regions: LDC’s vs. MDC’s Subsistence Ag: Production of food for consumption LDC Commercial Ag: Production of food for sale MDC Look at the bullet points on pg. 331: What are the 5 main distinctions between subsistence and commercial?

With the person next to you, look at the map at the bottom of page 331 and the map on page 332. Also, look at the picture and the caption on page 332. Now, make some general observations about what the maps are showing you. What comparisons, contrasts, or ironies do you see? Annotate your map with your neighbor!

Agribusiness: “The industrialization of agriculture” Modern commercial farming is very dependent on inputs of chemical fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides. Oil is required to make fertilizer and pesticides. It takes 10 calories of energy to create 1 calorie of food in modern agriculture. Small farmer can’t buy needed equipment and supplies. Fewer than 2% of U.S. population works in agriculture in the US.