Wed 11/21 Chp.6&7 Test After: Chp.8 Title Page HW: Chp.8 Guided reading DUE MONDAY

Title page-pg.45 Ch 8 title page

Pg.46-47 Chp.8 Guided Reading

Mon 11/26 Grades posted Thursday  go to computer lab rm.317 Includes Test & INB Check Any questions/problems with INB Check see me after notes today Thursday  go to computer lab rm.317

Objective Describe the phases of the cell cycle

In: Pg.48 1. Chromosome model Draw the model chromosome on your paper Label the following on your diagram— chromosome, chromatids, centromere 2. Why does the chromosome look so bumpy? Ch r omo S ome Centromere Chromatids

Why do you think a chromosome looks so bumpy?

Chromosomes Rod-like structures made of Each half called a chromatid DNA Proteins called histones which help shape and pack DNA Each half called a chromatid Duplicate before cell division Two identical parts Centromere holds them together

Pg.49 Set up Cornell Notes-Title: Chp.8 Cell Reproduction

Chromosomes Rod-like structures made of Each half called a chromatid DNA Proteins called histones which help shape and pack DNA Each half called a chromatid Duplicate before cell division Two identical parts Centromere holds them together

Chromosome Number Varies with species Some have same number Carrot and lettuce = 18 Potatoes, Plums, Chimpanzees and Gorillas =48

Chromosome Number Diploid (2n) = normal cell Haploid (1n) = dividing cell

Chromosome Differences Prokaryote: Most only contain one Chromosome Attached to inside of the cell membrane Circular DNA Eukaryote: Many Chromosomes Found inside nucleus Compacted to fit inside the nucleus

How do cells reproduce? Cell division is the process in which cells reproduce themselves. Cell cycle is the stages a cell goes through to make more cells.

S=Synthesis G1 (growth;Gap 1) G2=Gap 2 11 hrs. 7 hrs. 3 hrs. 1 hr. Cytokinesis M phase Rapid cell growth Cell doubles in size Enzymes + organelles double in number Growth DNA makes a copy of itself 11 hrs. 7 hrs. Rapid Growth Final preparation for cell division 3 hrs. Interphase

Cell Division in Prokaryotes Binary Fission Two identical cells produced from one cell Asexual reproduction Only 1 parent No genetic diversity

Two Types of Cell Division in Eukaryotes(m phase of cell cycle) Mitosis: Occurs in organisms undergoing: Growth, development, repair or asexual reproduction Creates identical cells(2n) Meiosis: Necessary for sexual reproduction - creates genetic diversity Formation of gametes Egg (1n) Sperm (1n)

Finish Cornell Notes Write 3 questions Write 3-sentence summary

Pg.50-51 Chp.8 3-Column Vocab Chromosome 9. Mitosis Histone Chromatid Centromere Homologous chromosomes Diploid Haploid 8. Binary fission 9. Mitosis 10. Meiosis 11. Gametes 12. Crossing over 13. Interphase 14. Cytokinesis 15. Asexual reproduction 16. Sexual reproduction

Out How is the cell cycle like a human life cycle?

Tues 11/27

Describe the phases of the cell cycle.

In: pg.52 Write down 5 facts as you watch the Cell Division & Mitosis video clip 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Pg.53 – Set up Cornell Notes Title: Mitosis

Mitosis: Occurs in all living things Division in body cells (all cells that are not gametes). It creates 2 identical daughter cells. Replaces old cells, growth, reproduction of single celled organisms Starts as soon as the egg is fertilized and ends at death. Has 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase & telophase.

Stages of Mitosis 1. Prophase Chromatin coils Nucleus disappears Centrosomes move to poles Animal contain centrioles Plant cells lack centrioles Spindle fibers form mitotic spindle Two types Kinetochore fibers attach to centromere Polar fibers stretch from centriole to centriole

Stages of Mitosis cont. 2. Metaphase: Kinetochore fibers move chromosomes To equator or middle Karyotypes made using this phase

Stages of Mitosis cont. 3. Anaphase: Centromere splits Sister Chromatids pulled to opposite ends These are now individual chromsomes

Stages of Mitosis cont. 4. Telophase: Chromatids unwind and elongate to form chromatin Centrioles and spindle fibers disappear Nucleous and Nucleus reappear

Stages of Mitosis cont. After  Cytokinesis Division into two cells Animal cells Pinch forming cleavage furrows Plant cells Golgi Bodies join in middle to form Cell plate which will develop into cell wall

Finish Cornell Notes Write 3 questions Write 3-sentence summary

Animation Mitosis Visual

Mitosis Practice Pg.55 Pg.54 Mitosis Event Organizer Mitosis CLOZE passage

WHO? WHY? MITOSIS WHEN? EVENT HOW? WHERE? SIGNIFICANCE?

Homework Finish Mitosis CLOZE & event map

OUT Draw the cell in interphase. Label the following: Nuclear envelope Cell membrane Nucleus Chromatin-this is the DNA when it is all tangled up (before it condenses into chromosomes). 5. Centrosomes-the green things Question: What is Chromatin?

Wed 11/28 Period 1  meet in computer lab 317 tomorrow

Objective Describe the phases of the cell cycle

In: pg.56 3+ sentences Explain the cartoon from the previous slide. (Relate it to what you know about mitosis) 3+ sentences

Review Mitosis – Video Clip & Animation Mitosis Visual

Pg.57 - Stages of Mitosis Model Use the contents of the bag to model what is happening to chromosomes during interphase and the 4 stages of mitosis. Practice each stage until you have it memorized…each person will be given a stage to demonstrate for points. Analysis Questions: In this activity, what represented: Replicated chromosomes Sister chromatids Nuclear envelope Spindle fibers Centrioles How many chromosomes did the parent cell have? Each daughter cell? What was the diploid # for the cell? What was the haploid # for the cell? How is mitosis able to make 2 diploid cells from 1 diploid cell?

Out What is cytokinesis? How would cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?

Thursday 11/29 Computer Lab today

Objective Describe the phases of the cell cycle.

In: pg.58 About how long does it take a cell to go thru the cell cycle? What stage does the cell spend the most time in? G1 =Gap 1 S=Synthesis G2=Gap 2 1 hr. Cytokinesis M phase Rapid cell growth Cell doubles in size Enzymes + organelles double in number Growth DNA makes a copy of itself 11 hrs. 7 hrs. Rapid Growth Final preparation for cell division 3 hrs. Interphase

Pg.59 - The Cell Cycle and Time Go to the following website http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html Fill out the data sheet and complete graph and questions and glue in lab sheet as a flip up.

Homework Finish the lab sheet.

Out What would happen to an organism if its cells couldn’t leave interphase and undergo mitosis?

Friday 11/30 INB Quiz 4  get out half sheet. #1-10

Objective Discuss specific examples of disruptions of homeostasis.

In: pg.60 Cancer cells are different from normal cells because they….. Watch the movie clip and finish the following sentences: Cancer cells are different from normal cells because they….. A tumor is… A tumor is harmful because it… Cancer is caused by… Cancer can be treated by…

Pg 60 Watch the movie clip and finish the following sentences: Cancer cells are different from normal cells because they….. A tumor is… A tumor is harmful because it… Cancer is caused by… Cancer can be treated by…

Pg.61- Controlling the Cell Cycle What does a regulatory gene do? What is cancer caused by? What is a mutation? What is a tumor? What are carcinogens? Why is it difficult for scientists to study the effects of exposure to carcinogens in humans? Why is smoking dangerous? Why should you wear sunscreen? What are 3 treatments for cancer? Immunotherapy is an experimental technique for treating cancer. In this technique, the body’s immune system is boosted so that it can destroy cancerous cells. What is a possible advantage that immunotherapy may have over chemotherapy?

Homework Finish Cell cycle questions

Out What are the 3 stages of interphase? Some cells go into the Go phase, what does this mean? What kinds of cells go into Go?

Mon 12/3 INB Check & Chp.8 Test is FRIDAY!!!

Objective Distinguish among the major events in meiosis I and meiosis II.

In: pg.62 What is the diploid # of this organism? A scientist takes a skin cell from a new organism she discovered. After karyotyping, the skin cell is found to have 84 chromosomes. What is the diploid # of this organism? What is the haploid # of this organism? How did you decide your answers for #1 and 2?

What is the 2n for humans? What is the 1n for humans? Diploid=2n=the number of chromosomes found in a normal body cell. Haploid=1n=half the diploid #. This is the number of chromosomes found in a gamete. What is the 2n for humans? What is the 1n for humans?

Cornell Notes: Meiosis Pg.63 Cornell Notes: Meiosis

Human Chromosomes 46 or 23 pairs Autosomes = 44 Sex Chromosomes = 2 Pair of autosomes called Homologous chromosomes or homologues Same size and shape Different from other pairs Have same gene locations Karyotype Photomicrograph of chromosomes dividing in normal cell Spectral Karyotyping

Meiosis Forms 4 haploid daughter cells Forms gametes-egg and sperm. Reduction division—1/2 the DNA of the parent cell. Cells divide twice—meiosis I and meiosis II. Occurs in reproductive organs. Occurs only during the reproductive years of the individual. Allows for the creation of genetically unique cells.

Crossing-Over

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Finish Cornell Notes 3 Questions 3-sentence summary

Meiosis Practice Pg.65 Pg.64 Meiosis Event Organizer Meiosis CLOZE passage Use your notes, Event Map, and book pg.161

WHO? WHY? WHEN? EVENT HOW? MEIOSIS WHERE? SIGNIFICANCE?

Homework Meiosis CLOZE passage

Out Why is meiosis referred to as a “reduction division”?