Immune System EQ: How do the components of the immune system work together to keep us free from disease? Break up into two days- part of the immune (day 1) control the spread- vaccines (day 2)

why are people not vaccinating their children Watch the following video and answer the questions on the back of your worksheet: how does a vaccine work why are people not vaccinating their children why is it best to vaccinate at a younger age would you vaccinate your children https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rb7TVW77ZCs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rb7TVW77ZCs

Germ Theory proposes that: small particles, called pathogens or pathogen agents, cause disease Previously thought it was evil spirts examples: Viruses Bacteria Parasites Fungi

Pathogens are spread by: Direct Contact Examples: kissing, shaking hands Indirect Contact Examples: touching a door handle or inhaling a pathogen

fights infection and prevents illness in the body The Immune System: fights infection and prevents illness in the body

Parts of the Immune System skin: physically blocks pathogens from entering the body, first line of defense Mucous membrane: in nose and throat; traps particles before they enter Circulatory system: transports cells of the immune system

Part of the Immune System Phagocyte: white blood cell that engulf (eats) and destroys pathogens aka macrophage T cell: destroys infected body cells Inside the cell B cell: produces antibodies Outside the cell

Parts of the Immune System Antibody: protein that causes pathogens (antigen) become ineffective Immunoglobin- antibody found in the blood Interferon: protein that stops all viruses from reproducing

Nonspecific Immune responses are: Those that are the same every time Not specific to the pathogen, uses macrophages Example: Fever, Inflammation, cough , sneeze Not specific to the pathogen

Specific Immunity Response: Specific to the invader Detects Antigens (foreign invaders in body) Produce Immunity Specific to the invaider

Cellular immunity Uses: T cells To destroy: infected body cells Includes Cellular immunity Uses: T cells To destroy: infected body cells Humoral Immunity; Uses: B cells; To Produce: antibodies Give: Immunity

The body has Specific and Nonspecific Immune Responses (mark an N or S in the flow chart) Skin: Nonspecific Mucous Membrane: Nonspecific Circulatory System: Nonspecific Phagocyte: Specific T-cell: Specific B-cell: Specific Anibody: Specific Interferon: Nonspecific

Memory Cells Cells that will remember the antigen and will not allow it to infect the body a second time Specific immune response

Immunity the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells To be resistant to something due to the body’s response

Gained after the body comes in contact with a sickness Active Immunity Gained after the body comes in contact with a sickness Your body works for this

Passed through genetics or by injection of antibodies Passive Immunity Passed through genetics or by injection of antibodies This is given to your body

prevent future illness if the body becomes infected Both immunities… prevent future illness if the body becomes infected

Methods to control spread: Antibiotics: are medications used to fight infections caused by bacteria pathogens Work by killing bacteria or slowing and suspending its growth Many forms: Tablets, capsules, liquids, creams, ointments Most require prescription from a doctor

Antibiotic Resistance is: when a population of bacteria or fungi are no longer affected by an antibiotic b/c they have a genetic mutation from the rest of the population

Methods Used to Control Pathogens: Antiseptic: destroys pathogens outside of the body (soap, hand sanitizer)

Methods to control Pathogens Vaccines Provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease by injecting a dead or weakened strain of the disease

Vaccination Process Stimulates a specific immune response Causes memory cells to be produced Allows immune system to respond to an infection without getting sick Allows for quick response to infection

Word Bank vaccine specific immune T - cells B - cells nonspecific immune antibodies Fever Phagocytes antibiotic immune antigens inflammation mucous membranes active