WHAT TO DO IN THE EXAM With your mock exam coming up, I am going to start today’s lesson by modelling what your thought process should be in the Tudor Exam. Before I go through what you should do, can you please write down in your notes what your current approach is. Consider: Do you highlight anything? If so, what? How many colours? Do you plan? Where? What do you plan? Mock exam the week following this lesson

FLIPPED LEARNING The following tasks are due in today: TASK: Complete your plan for the Elizabeth Parliament question In your Tudor revision book, use pp.112-3 to try spaced practice. This is where you chunk down your learning into small, separate bursts of 20 minutes. Trade Exploration and colonisation Prosperity and Depression I will check the notes now.

Elizabeth I: Society and Economy The poor Structure of Society Local Regions Rebellion Golden Age?

Elizabeth I: Society and Economy KNOW The scale of poverty in Elizabethan England EXPLAIN Attitudes and policies taken towards the poor EVALUATE How successful policies towards the poor were How did English society and economy change and with what effects?

Elizabeth I: Society and Economy The poor Structure of Society Local Regions Rebellion Golden Age?

Trade under Elizabeth I Consolidation task: Use your homework and pp.217-8 to annotate key information on the map about trade during Elizabeth’s reign on this map Elizabeth textbook Challenge: Answer the following question How successful was attempts to expand trade during Elizabeth reign? Why? How valuable was foreign trade to the economy of Elizabeth in this period? KNOW Key facts about Elizabethan economy EXPLAIN Explain how the economy changed over time EVALUATE How convincing historians are on the topic of Elizabethan economy

Trade Internal Trade: The value of internal trade exceeded that of foreign trade The biggest single development was the growth of shipping coal from the Tyne to the Thames. Netherlands: Cloth trade with the Netherlands declined Antwerp Cloth market had declined from the early 1550s Cecil was anxious to end the dependence on a single market An alternative trade was developed, based in Emned, Germany The major move was to Amsterdam – commercial growth here cam at the expense of Antwerp (Spanish control) Russia: Attempts to establish new overseas markets with Russia occurred However, these remained economically marginal Muscovy Company (1555) incorporated to trade with Russia, but failed to compete with the Dutch. Guinea/South America: Centre of African trade Starting point for Harwkin’s move to the Americas 3xexpeditions (first two financially successful) These expeditions irritated Spanish authorities 2nd included investment from Dudley, and Elizabeth supplied ships (for a price!) 3rd expeditions attracted royal support but went wrong (blockaded in Mexico) Baltic Eastland Company (1579) set up to trade in the Baltic Limited effect Ottoman Empire: There was increased trade with the Ottoman Empire The Levant Company (1581) enjoyed success in its attempts to trade with the Empire. Failed in long term to compete with the Dutch. Asia: East India Company (1600) set up to trade with Asia, but has less investment that the Dutch East India Company (difficult to compete)

Colonisation under Elizabeth I Humphrey Gilbert Richard Hakluyt TASK Use p.218 to add information about the following key people in relation to the colonisation of North America Walter Raleigh Sir Francis Walsingham Challenge: Answer the following question Link the different individuals together, with explanations of how they link Why were attempts to colonise disastrous?

Exploration/Colonisation Richard Hakluyt A clergyman and geographer who encouraged the process of colonisation in North America. In Discourse of Western Planting’ (1584). Humphrey Gilbert Entrepreneur who suggested that England should start colonising North America. Half-Brother Connected to Sir Francis Walsingham Supported Walter Raleigh. Walter Raleigh A Courtier who presented Discourse to the Queen. 1585 received a patent to colonise Virginia. 2 expeditions took place (disaster). Supported

Prosperity and Depression Prosperity: Land Depression Regions Prosperity: Trade Prosperity: Urban TASK Use p.219-22 to key facts under each heading

One consequence was building – e.g. country houses. Prosperity Prosperity: Land Land income rose and landowners acquired a range of material possessions. They had benefitted from HVIII and Edward selling off land at knock-down prices (dissolution). One consequence was building – e.g. country houses. At a more modest level society farmers benefitted from rise in agricultural prices. Prosperity: Trade Debate on the relationship between trade and depression (lack of hard evidence). Some historians have argued that trade under Elizabeth was buoyant (shipbuilding). But there are more pessimistic historians emphasise what was seen as a desperate search for new markets to offset the decline of the cloth trade. Comparing Elizabethan financial institutions against European counter-parts, European ones were most sophisticated! Prosperity: Urban Some old established towns declined in Elizabethan England (Winchester). On the other hand, towns such as York and Norwich improved. New towns such as Manchester also developed. Those that did well tended to have a broad range of manufacturing or were unincorporated. London is seen to have had a detrimental effect on some towns, but have benefitted towns such as Newcastle upon Tyne.

Depression Not everyone shared in the prosperity of the times. For many, real wages fell, and this was a particular problem at the time of harvest failures. 9/44 harvests of the reign could be described as poor. 1594-97 there were 4 consecutive bad harvests, which made live catastrophic for some people. 1596 real wages had collapsed to less than half the level they had been 9 years earlier. Conditions seemed to be worse in the far North with starvation the outcome…

Key points: Internal trade; Netherlands, Russia, Guinea (+America), Baltic, Ottoman Empire, Asia