5 2. Why has migration becoming increasing complex? Key Ideas Content 2a. Global migration patterns are influenced by a multitude of inter-related factors. Changes in the 21st century have increased the complexity of global migration- Economic globalisation leading to the emergence of new source areas and host destinations. How has Economic Globalisation led to the emergence of new source areas?

Look at this map and discuss the following: How have the Long-Term International Migration Flows changed between1992-2012? What other migration flows are we now aware of in 2016? What level of development are these countries? What role do you believe the level of development plays in migration flows, if any? Explain your answer.

Summary: An increasing number of countries and their economies have become more interdependent. The increasing complexity of global migration can be linked to this intensification of the globalisation process. Major bilateral corridors and traditional migration partnerships have remained strong, but in addition new places of origin and new destinations for migrant have emerged as the effects of globalisation have spread.

Examples of Contemporary Migration Patterns: Inter-regional new migrant flow: Migration of highly skilled workers from China, India and Brazil to the USA Who? Graduates, especially in science, maths and technology. Those employed in business and professional services Why? Attracted by high salaries and quality of life.

Examples of Contemporary Migration Patterns: Inter-regional new migrant flow: Asia to the UAE In 2013 the UAE had the 5th largest migrant stock in the world with 7.8 million migrants (out of a total population of 9.3 million- only 15% are Emirati). 90% of workforce comprises international migrants. Main migrant groups from Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and the Philippines) Why do you think the UAE has received such rapid growth?

Examples of Contemporary Migration Patterns: Inter-regional new migrant flow: Asia to the UAE Attracted by high demand for labour. Relatively high wages. Ease of returning financial remittances. Accommodation. Improved transport an d communications.

CaseStudy Memory Game! Aim: To recreate a detailed case-study for your group, by sending one member of your group up at a time (each person for 30 seconds each per A3 diagram)to look at Mrs Parker’s UAE case-study. Your aim is to remember as much as you can about it and then return and draw/annotate /write what you saw for your group. The winning group will be the one whose case-studies are the most accurate and complete!

Intra-regional new migrant flow: SE Asian LDC’s to ASEAN member states. Rapid increase of migrant stock (6.5 million, 2013) among ASEAN member states- the fastest growing economies of Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand are the main destinations. Myanmar (former Burma), Lao, Cambodia, the main sources. Most migrants are low-skilled, many undocumented, seeking employment and higher wages via cyclical migration to countries of higher socio-economic development. What sort of jobs would you expect these migrants to do?

Intra-regional increased migrant flow within South America. To the ‘southern cone’ of Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Urugary. The main drivers are disparities in wages and labour opportunities. Regional integration (of Mercosur and Andean trade bloc countries), has also eased immigration through free movement of labour.

What sorts of reasons would you expect to have created this trend? Return Migration: Within the E.U Return migration has been a high proportion of migrant flows within the EU-e.g. Poland 63% of it’s total population, Romania (93%). What sorts of reasons would you expect to have created this trend? Article

Internal Migrant Flows: Internal migrant flows within EDC’s such as India, China, Mexico and Brazil driven by FDI (foreign direct investment). This has created agglomerations of economic activity near large urban centres. Rural-urban migration still a major element of the global migration system.

Internal Migration: The case of China.

Homework: Finish looking at China and it’s Internal migration. Complete tasks 1 & 2 as instructed on the website: http://www.geographypods.com/migration-6hrs.html (scroll down to Internal Migration)

Knowledge Checklist What do you understand by the term “international migrant stock”? What do you understand by the term “internal migration”?

Exam Tips Be prepared to identify patterns and trends over time from statistical tables and graphs such as line or bar charts. This could include: data on changes in total number or demographic composition of international migration flows. Flows in bi-lateral migrant corridors. Changes in indices of development such as HDI for particular countries.