Progress in Medical Science Medicine is the science which dealt with disease and its prevention, treatment and cure. Early period medicine dealt mainly with cure and treatment. Medieval period the medicine was under the control of Church, which imposed that dissection of the body was forbidden. Disease was believed to be a punishment for sin. Treatment was mainly with fasting and prayer.

But it was changed during the period of 17th century which was considered as Renaissance age in the history of Europe. During this period Europe produced large number of scientist and physicians. Renaissance was a great period in the field of growth of medicine and physicians. Andreas Vasalius (1514-1564) Ambroise Pare (1510-1590) Paracelsus(1493-1541) these are the major physicians their contribution towards the medical knowledge was vital one.

Andreas Vesalius Surgeon, Teacher and Anatomist founder of modern Science He was born on 31 December 1514 at Brussels, Belgium. He studied medicine from University of Paris, France and University of Louvain, Belgium.

When he was medical student he developed his own idea about anatomy. He performed several dissections and collecting bones for study from graveyards and mortuaries. He was greatly influenced by the writing of Greek physician Galen. In 1538 his six anatomical tables published which mainly dealt with anatomical terms and its meaning. Later he joined University of Padua, Italy to study medicine and he spend several years here for learn medicine. He received degree in Medicine at the age of 23. later he worked as Professor of Surgery and Anatomy.

In 1543 he composed 'The Anatomy of the Human Body' which mainly discusses the structure of the human body. it had seven parts and gives details about bones, cartilages, ligaments and muscles, veins, nerves, heart, brains and lungs etc. This work deals about Osteology (study of structure of bones) Myology ( study of Muscles) and cardiology. He considered as the founder of modern biological research, Father of Scientific Anatomy and Father of Modern Biology. He died on 15th October 1564.

Ambroise Pare (1510-1590) Safe surgery is possible only with an adequate knowledge Greatest French Surgeon He was specialised in surgery and to the antiseptic care of wound. he pioneered many surgical treatment and specialized in the treatment of wounds. 'Father of Surgery' born at Laval in France in 1510 In 1529 he went to Paris at the age of nineteen, to work at Hotel Dieu, world oldest hospital. He got the opportunity to perform autopsies and to dissect dead bodies. he did not have a formal education, he never earned a medical degree. Yet he became France's most skilled surgeon

Then he started his career as military surgeon As a Military Surgeon (1536-1545) Then he started his career as military surgeon before him there was a customary to put boiling oil over the gunshot wounds. extremely painful and it believed that the oil would draw out the poison. If the wound occurred in arm or leg, usually followed the practice of cutting them off. Bleeding in the wound was stopped by the stumping of red hot iron. It was the only method adopted to treat the wound before pare. Pare used ordinary ointment instead of using burning oil which produced better result and they had suffered less. The ointment contains egg yolk, rose oil and turpentine (colourless liquid)

Pare returned from the military campaign and married and settled down in Paris and his life partner objected to his new methods of treatment. but he continued to discover the new methods of treatment. he discovered and applied new technique of using silk thread and a needle to close the edge of the wound. he used to states that "I dress the wound, God heals it" He published his discoveries in 'The Method for Treating Wound Made by Harquebuses and other Fire Arms' in 1545 He was called as “ Father of Surgery”

Paracelsus (1493-1541) Field of Medical Chemistry Paracelsus means 'Surpassing celsus' Eminent Swiss Physician born in 1493 at Einsiedeln near Zurich in Switzerland. Original name was Theophrastus Auroeolus Bombastns FuriosoVon Hohenbein He got early education from his father who was a physician. he studied medicine from University of Basel. he was dissatisfied with traditional learning and so he travelled widely and learned medical approach from barbers, midwives and fortune tellers.

During his lecturer profession he burnt a lot of medical manuscripts in front of the people. Therefore in 1528, he was forced to flee from Basel. he was appointed as Physician as well as Professor of Medicine in University of Basel in 1526. he discovered that laudanum (a derivative of opium) was a painkiller that could be used to help his patients. for many years it was used for general pain such as headache, and other pain. He introduced chemical preparations into medical practice. His followers were known as ‘Iatrochemistry’. He contributed much more to the growth of chemistry and medical science.