World Leaders of the 1930s 7th Grade Social Studies – Harold E. Winkler Middle School Edited by 7th Grade Social Studies – Hickory Ridge Middle School

Franklin D. Roosevelt – The United States FDR was elected President of the United States in 1933 during the Great Depression. President Roosevelt had developed polio at the age of 39. A life threatening disease of the nervous system. Roosevelt’s plan to end the Great Depression was called the New Deal (Relief, Recovery, Reform) - a series of programs, including, most notably, Social Security, that were enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938.

Franklin D. Roosevelt – The United States Roosevelt’s New Deal helped the U.S. economy in the 1930’s, but did not end the depression completely. The U.S. gearing up for entrance into WWII ultimately ended the Great Depression. As dictators rose to power in the 1930’s, FDR took steps to aid the Allied Powers… Lend-Lease Act (1941) - The plan gave Roosevelt the power to lend arms to Britain (and other allies) with the understanding that, after the war, America would be paid back in kind. December 29, 1940: The United States must be the great arsenal of democracy Roosevelt was elected to 4 terms as President of the U.S. – the only president to serve more than 2.

Brain Pop: Franklin D. Roosevelt

Joseph Stalin – The Soviet Union Grew up poor and was an only child. Karl Marx’s “Communist Manifesto” was a very influential book. Was inspired by the Russian revolution led by Vladimir Lenin. His real name is Joseph Dzhugashvili Last name means: Stal = Man of Steel.

Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union Became leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Lenin in 1924. Became a totalitarian dictator – complete control of society by using fear, violence, censorship, and religious persecution. Used propaganda to sway beliefs and censorship to control the media. Persecuted people based on religious beliefs or ethnicity and used them as scapegoats.

Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union Implemented a command economy – government controls all economic decisions. 1939 – signed a non-aggression pact with Adolf Hitler but sided with the Allies during WWII  Hitler invaded Soviet Union in 1941 WHY? Permanently eliminate the Soviet Union (Communist State) Seize prime land for resources and long-term German settlement.

Adolf Hitler – Germany Rebellious young life after the death of his father. 1907: Wanted to be an artist and moved to Vienna, Italy… failed to get into the Academy of Fine Arts. Abandoned his friends and went into a deep depression.

Adolf Hitler – Germany During WWI, he served in the German army as a Corporal (low ranking). As a result of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany is forced to take the blame for WWI…the German economy experiences hyperinflation and enters a period of depression. After WWI, Hitler joined the German Worker’s Party (Socialist & Anti-Jewish Associations). Within months, Hitler was named Fuhrer (Leader) and renames the party the National Socialist German Workers’ Party = Nazi Party.

Adolf Hitler – Germany Many people became attracted to Hitler’s Nazi Party. In 1923, Hitler attempted to overthrow Germany’s existing government (Coup). The attempt failed, and spent 1 year in prison for treason.

Adolf Hitler – Germany During his brief prison stay, Hitler outlined the anti-Semitism and anti-Communism ideas at the heart of his political philosophy. He also outlined his hatred for democracy in his book… Mein Kampf = My Struggle. After his release he vowed to come to power democratically but as worldwide depression hit in the 1930s, Hitler saw an opportunity to take control and by 1933, he was named Chancellor of Germany. Within a year, he took over as Der Fuhrer (The Leader).

Brain Pop: Adolf Hitler

Benito Mussolini – Italy 1915: Joined the Italian Army during World War I. British and French promised Italy land so they switch sides! After the war, the Treaty of Versailles was not kind to Italy… promises were broken! This shapes Mussolini and his views… Mussolini became bitter and criticized the Italian government much like Adolf Hitler did the Weimar Republic.

Benito Mussolini – Italy Originally a revolutionary socialist. He abandoned his party to advocate Italian intervention in WWI... 1919 - Mussolini formed the Fascist Party. He organized armed gang called the Italian Combat Squad or the “Black Shirts”… They terrorized political opponents and spread Fascism.

Mussolini’s Slogan: “Believe, Obey, Fight” The March on Rome October 1922 - Mussolini seized power through the “March on Rome” - He is named Prime Minister. He became known as Il Duce (The Leader). Controlled the media and used propaganda to gain support of the people. He promised to bring order to Italy and restore the country to the great and glorious power of the Roman Empire. Mussolini’s Slogan: “Believe, Obey, Fight”

Benito Mussolini – Italy

Fascism Political Movement with extreme nationalism. I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. What is Fascism? Political Movement with extreme nationalism. One-party dictatorship = Totalitarian control. Interests of the state/nation more important than individual rights. Anti-Democratic

Communism What is Communism? Political and economic doctrine. I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. What is Communism? Political and economic doctrine. Based on the theory by Karl Marx. Advocated class struggle. In theory all means of production are owned in common(gov’t), not by individuals. This would create a “classless society” where all participants are equal.

Nazism I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism? Extreme nationalism! A form of Fascism that… Incorporates the belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan or “Master Race” Advocates the violent hatred towards Jews (anti-Semitism) = blamed Germany’s problems on them. The acceptance that political interests were to be the main priority of economy. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

Rise of Dictators - Flocabulary